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OPP Lecture > Lecture 1: History Of Osteopathic Medicine > Flashcards

Lecture 1: History Of Osteopathic Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is A.T. Still’s full name?

A

Andrew Taylor Still

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2
Q

When was A.T. Still born?

A

August 6, 1828

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3
Q

Where was A.T. Still born?

A

Jonesville, Virginia - Lee County

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4
Q

What were AT Still’s parents names?

A

Martha & Abram

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5
Q

Abram Still - profession

A

farmer
Methodist minister
Physician

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6
Q

What was the dominant system of medicine in late 18th century through much of 19th century

A

Heroic medicine

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7
Q

What did heroic medicine consist of

A

Bloodletting
Purging stomach and bowels
Use of calomel and other poisonous compounds

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8
Q

What was the point of bloodletting

A

Relieve tension in blood vessels

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9
Q

Because Abram Still was a Methodist Minister, they moved. Where to?

A

Tennessee, then Missouri

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10
Q

When was AT’s first experience with osteopathy? What happened?

A

Age 10

Rope on neck - headache gone

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11
Q

Who was AT’s 1st wife

A

Mary Vaughn

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12
Q

When did AT’s father minister to Indians

A

1852

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13
Q

What type of Indians did Abram work with? Where?

A

Shawnee

Kansas

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14
Q

When did AT’s medical career begin? Where?

A

1854

Kansas

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15
Q

Who were AT’s first patients

A

Shawnee Indians

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16
Q

What was Still’s training

A

Apprenticeship with father

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17
Q

Who were the 4 people who challenged orthodox medicine in the 19th century

A

Samuel Thomson
Samuel Hahnemann
Sylvester Graham
Franz Mesmer

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18
Q

Samuel Thomson

A

Disease was caused from bad heat response

You should vomit / sweat it out

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19
Q

Samuel Hahnemann

A

Believed the best drug to cure the disease is one that caused the symptoms of the disease in a normal person
“Like cures like”
Homeopathy; showed some results

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20
Q

Sylvester Graham

A

If you follow nature’s laws, you’ll feel better
Get rest, fresh air, exercise, decrease amount of excessive food/drink
No meat, no eggs, no pastries/coffee/tea/improper dress/sexual promiscuity
Graham cracker - curb sexual appetite

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21
Q

Franz Mesmer

A

“Invisible fluid” in body - when it’s unbalanced/disturbed/blocked, it would cause disease
It was called “animal magnetism” - used magnets to balance it
Midwest: magnets were everywhere
Seances in big open areas
“Mesmerized”

22
Q

What were the pivotal years for AT

A

1859 - 1874

23
Q

1860

A

AT married Mary Turner - second wife

24
Q

1861

A

AT in Civil War (Union - Methodist)

25
Q

February 1864

A

3 of AT’s kids die from spinal meningitis

26
Q

1867

A

Still’s dad dies from pneumonia

27
Q

How did AT study anatomy

A

Raided graves of Native American Indians

Read as many anatomy books as he could find

28
Q

AT’s fascination with ______ is related to his love for osteopathy

A

Machines

“Man as a machine”

29
Q

Date that Still rejected traditional medicine and developed his concepts of osteopathy
“He flung to the breeze the banner of Osteopathy”

A

June 22, 1874

30
Q

AT’s work in Missouri

A 
Kirksville
Magnetic healer (1875)
Used bonesetting (“lightning bone setter”) (1883)
31
Q

AT’s vision of health

A

Health is maintained by unobstructed blood flow and impulses of nerves
Removal of obstacles through manipulation

32
Q

1st school of osteopathy

A

October 1892 in Kirksville, MO

American school of Osteopathy

33
Q

Who taught at ASO

A

William Smith - anatomy

34
Q

First ASO class

A

21 people
Ages 18-65
At least 5 women in class

35
Q

Still’s lecturing style

A

Analogy and parable

36
Q

3 competitors to osteopathy

A

Boneopaths (specific to bone)
Neuro-osteopaths (also work on nervous system)
Chiropractic (D.D. Palmer)

37
Q

First state to license DO

A

Vermont

38
Q

Last state to license DO

A

Mississippi

39
Q

In late 1800’s - early 1900’s

A

Many osteopathic schools opened

“An atomic engineers”

40
Q

AOA formed in Kirksville in ___ for

A

Education
Legislation
Publication

1897

41
Q

AT Still dies

A

Dec 12, 1917

42
Q

When did MD and DO get same length of studies

A

1920

43
Q

Broad v lesion osteopaths

A

Broad: wanted to be fully licensed physicians
Lesion: only wanted OPP

44
Q

Influenza pandemic of 1918-19 - saw increase in

A

Use of OMT (osteopathic manipulative treatment)

45
Q

By 1927, ______ taught at all schools

A

Pharm

46
Q

Why did standards increase in MD and DO

A

Flexner Report: 1910

Closed a lot of schools

47
Q

Why did # osteopathic hospitals increase in 1920s/40s

A

Because patients couldn’t see MD doctors - went to war
DO couldn’t enlist
Decrease in OMT

48
Q

1950s and 60s

A

DO’s wanted autonomy
Missouri - can practice in all hospitals
57 - DO can practice in armed forces
66 - first DO in armed services as medical officer

49
Q

Why were Cali DOs frustrated

A

Lack of state support

Poor clinical training facilities

50
Q

Merger in Cali

A

Between Calif Med Assoc & Calif Osteopathic Assoc

July 1961

51
Q

Side effects of Cali merger

A

Over 2,000 DOs got MD
Weekend course, $65
Couldn’t tell people they used to be DO

OPP Lecture (2 decks)

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