Function / Dysfunction Flashcards
Somatic dysfunction
Impaired/altered fxn of related components of the somatic (body framework) system: skeletal, arthrodial, & myofascial structures, and related vascular, lymphatic, & natural elements
Somatic dysfunction is the result of
A stress change of the somatic tissues preventing components from returning to their resting states
Macro trauma/major trauma that causes somatic dysfunction
Accidents
Major surgery
Giving birth
Major diseases: pneumonia, abdominal diseases, ulcer, etc.
Microtrauma causes of somatic dysfunction
Gravity Irritants to the body Poor diet Lack of sleep Emotional upsets
Diagnosis of somatic dysfunction - TART
Tenderness
Asymmetry
Restriction of motion - the most common one to diagnosis
Tissue texture abnormality
Needs to be 2 or more
diagnosis of somatic dysfunction - STAR
Sensitivity
Tissue texture abnormality
Asymmetry
Restriction of motion
Example of tissue texture abnormality
Smooth/soft/rough Localized heat/coolness Swelling (bogginess) Thickening Rosiness Stringiness Firmness Moisture changes
Can you have a somatic dysfunction on top of something else?
Yes
Tibia fracture (not a true somatic dysfunction) & altered musculoskeletal changes in addition to the fracture
Know the anatomy of a vertebrae
..
Vertebral motions
Flexion
Extension
Side bending (lateral flexion) - whichever side is concave is the area of side bending looking from posterior
Rotation: movement/direction of a point on anterior superior part of vertebral body
Motion - 2 definitions
A change in position w/ respect to a fixed system
An act/process of a body changing position in terms of direction, course, velocity
Active motion
Made voluntarily by patient
Passive motion
Induced by physician while patient is passive/relaxed
Typically a little bit greater than active
Barriers to motion
Limit of motion
Restriction/binding point felt when a joint is put through its range of motion
An accurate knowledge of normal motion is essential to
Diagnosis/treatment of somatic dysfunctions
Anatomical barrier
Limit of motion bc of anatomic structure; limit of passive motion
Physiologic barrier
Limit of active motion; can be altered to increase range of motion by warm-up activity
Restrictive barrier - definition & examples
Functional limit within the anatomic range of motion, which abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range of motion
I.e. pain, deposits built up in joints, injury, scar tissue after surgery, swelling, tight muscle, somatic dysfunction
Pathological barrier
Permanent restriction of joint motion associated with pathologic change of tissues (ex: contracture, osteophytes)
The permanent version of a restrictive barrier
(Injury that didn’t heal correctly, congenital issues, disc fusion
Elastic barrier
Range b/w physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption
Stretching of ligaments between physiologic and anatomic
The best way to treat a somatic dysfunction is to treat it…
Mechanically
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
Therapeutic application of manually guided forces by an osteopathic physician to improve physiologic function and/or support homeostasis
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Application of osteopathic philosophy, structural diagnosis and the use of OMT in the diagnosis and management of a patient
Direct technique
Engages the restrictive barrier & then carrying the dysfunctional component toward/through the restrictive barrier
Indirect technique
Manipulative technique where the restricted barrier is disengaged; the dysfunctional body part is moved away from restrictive barrier until tissue tension is equal in one/all planes/directions
More gentle
Use on patients w/ osteoporosis, if you don’t want to stress the area, frail/elderly, if too much pain
