Lecture 1 History of Anesthesia Exam1 Flashcards
What is Anesthesia?
Artificially induced loss of the ability to feel pain/ lack sensation or feeling to permit the performance of surgery.
What is General Anesthesia?
A legal drug-induced loss of consciousness, not arousable even under painful stimuli.
What is Regional Anesthesia?
Insensibility is caused by interrupting the sensory nerve conduction of a particular region of the body. (Peripheral, Spinal, Epidural).
The level of consciousness is unchanged, the airway is protected.
What are the three spectrums of sedation?
Minimal, Moderate, and Deep
Under minimal sedation what is the patient’s
Responsiveness:
Airway condition:
Spontaneous Ventilation condition:
CV function:
Under minimal sedation what is the patient’s
Responsiveness: To verbal commands
Airway condition: Unaffected
Spontaneous Ventilation condition: Unaffected
CV function: Unaffected
Under moderate sedation what is the patient’s
Responsiveness:
Airway condition:
Spontaneous Ventilation condition:
CV function:
Under moderate sedation what is the patient’s
Responsiveness: To verbal and touch
Airway condition: No assistance is needed
Spontaneous Ventilation condition: Adequate
CV function: Usually maintained.
Under deep sedation what is the patient’s
Responsiveness:
Airway condition:
Spontaneous Ventilation condition:
CV function:
Under deep sedation what is the patient’s
Responsiveness: After repeated painful stimuli
Airway condition: Assistance might be required
Spontaneous Ventilation condition: Possibly inadequate
CV function: Usually maintained
During the time of ______________ (person). The most important person in the operating room was the surgeon. The patient was to do everything they could to make it easy on the surgeon.
Hippocrates
Who wrote the Materia Medica?
What is the Materia Medica?
Dioscorides
First pharmacology book, 5 volumes long, 360 medical properties.
What human-shaped plant was used as a hallucinogenic and believed to have magical properties?
Mandragora
What was the main method of delivering anesthetics during the middle ages?
Soporific sponges
Who combined sulfuric acid and ethyl alcohol to make Diethyl Ether and tested it on chickens?
Valerius Cordus
Who created IV access using a goose quill and tested the administration of alcohol in a dog’s vein?
Sir Christopher Wren
Robert Boyle
Who discovered Oxygen, Nitrous Oxide, and Photosynthesis?
Joseph Priestly
Who discovered our elements (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and suggested the use of nitrous for surgical pain control?
Humphry Davy
Who was a dentist known for using nitrous on their patients that experience no recall of pain/injury?
Horace Wells
Who was the Chicago surgeon to first administer nitrous with oxygen without cyanosis?
Andrews
Who was the first person to develop the first anesthesia machine with nitrous and oxygen?
Hewitt
Who was the doctor that delivered ether for a patient with 2 vascular neck tumors?
Crawford Long
Which dentist used ether for denture fittings?
William Morton
What year was the first successful public demonstration of ether? The patient was motionless and had no recall.
Who performed this procedure at Mass General?
1846
William Morton
Letheon spread to England in 60 days
Who developed a process for purifying ether and founded a pharmaceutical from this?
Robinson Squibb
Name 4 disadvantages of ether.
Flammable
Prolonged induction
Bad Odor
N/V (high incidence)
What anesthetic was independently discovered in 1831 in the US, France, Germany, and Great Britain?
Chloroform
