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Reproduction Week 1 > Lecture 1: Female Reproductive Embryology > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Female Reproductive Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What compose the genital structures in embryonic life?

A
  1. Gonads
  2. Internal ductwork
  3. External Genitalia
    Up until week 7 all are similar in both sexes
    Both sides (of gonads) have both ducts in embryology
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2
Q

What is the Wolffian Duct? What does it develop into?

A 
The Masculine Duct
Aka The MESONEPHRIC duct
Develops into
	i. seminal vesicles
	ii. vas deferens
	iii. epididymis
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3
Q

What is the Mullerian Duct? What does it develop into?

A 
The Feminine Duct
AKA the PARAmesonephric duct
Develops into
	i. Fallopian tubes
	ii. uterus
	iii. vagina
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4
Q

What factors do females need to develop female genitalia?

A

Estrogen

Males on the other hand need 4 factors…more high maintenance

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5
Q

What factors do males need to develop male genitalia?

A
  1. Testis Determining Factor (TDF)
  2. Mullerian Inhibiting Factors
  3. Testosterone
  4. Dihydrotestosterone
    Must be released in order
    More shit = more ways to fuck up
    Also makes female the default gender
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6
Q

What is the mesonephros? Significance

A

Part of the mesoderm that forms an early kidney
Mesonephric duct has already induced kidney formation and forms the URETER in both sexes
-intermediate mesoderm

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7
Q

What does testosterone do to the mesonephric duct?

A

It makes the ureter as well as male genitalia

Lack of testosterone (e.g. estrogen only) means that mesonephric duct degenerates

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8
Q

What is the genital ridge?

A

The precursor to the gonads

Originally consists mainly of mesenchyme

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9
Q

What is the major transformative force to induce genital ridge to either male or female gonad?

A

The Primordial germ cells

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10
Q

Where do primordial germ cells develop? Significance?

A 
In the Yolk Sac
PGCs migrate into the genital ridge
Induces development of either testis or ovary
PGC  Yes TDF  Sry gene, Y chromosome
PGC  No Y  No TDF  Females
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11
Q

What does the arrival of PGCs or germs cells form?

A

Stimulates the formation of the PRIMITIVE SEX CORDS (which can become either testis cords or cortical cords)
Forms the Supporting cells in the gonads

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12
Q

What does SRY gene mean? Significance?

A

Sex Determining Region of the Y chromosome

Once expressed it makes the support cells turn into Sertoli Cells

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13
Q

What are the Germ, Supporting and Sex-hormone producing cells of male vs. female?

A 
Male
	i. sperm
	ii. Sertoli
	iii. Leydig
Female
	i. egg
	ii. Follicle Cell = granulosa cell
	iii. Theca cell
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14
Q

What happens to germ cells in females?

A

The germcells start gametogenesis
RIGHT AWAY and arrest in M1
Then induce formation of granulosa/follicular cells

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15
Q

Why do Males inhibit gametogenesis?

A

Temperature is not right

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16
Q

What are the precursors of the supporting cells of the gonad?

A

Coelomic Epithelium

17
Q

What is Coelomic epithelium?

A

Precursor to supporting cells of gonad

18
Q

What are the precursors of the sex-hormone producing cells?

A

Mesodermal Stromal cells

19
Q

What are mesodermal stromal cells?

A

Precursor to sexhormone producing cells (leydig or theca)

20
Q

Why do males have a continuous duct system while females don’t have a continuous duct system?

A

Mesonephric duct is attached to gonad

Paramesonephric duct are next to mesonephric duct + gonad so it will NOT be continuous

21
Q

What happens when ducts are subjected to estrogen?

A

Mesonephric ducts degenerate
Paramesonephric ducts partially fuse
ALL FEMALE GERM CELLS begin gametogenesis to prophase of M1
At birth, ovary contains just primary oocytes arrested in prophase of M1

22
Q

What is the significance of fusion of paramesonephric ducts?

A

Inferior paramesonephric ducts FUSE to form the

i. uterus
ii. cervix
iii. upper part of the vagina
23
Q

Where does the lower part of the vagina come from? Significance?

A

Urogenital sinus….ENDODERM
Vagina has DUAL embryonic origin
Top part mesoderm
Bottom part endoderm

24
Q

What does the urogenital sinus give rise to?

A

Bladder and urethra in BOTH sexes

25
Q

What does the fusion of paramesonephric duct bring?

A

Bring together a peritoneal fold that will form the BROAD LIGAMENT
Creates two peritoneal compartments
Uterine cavity is created by resorption after PM duct fusion
Ovary goes from facing anteriorly to facing posteriorly because PM has to move to the midline

26
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A 
Peritoneal covering of the 
	1. uterus (mesometrium)
	2. uterine tubes (mesosalpinx)
	3. Ovaries (mesovarium)
Shower curtain the drapes this shit
27
Q

What is the water under the bridge relationship in females?

A

Ureter goes under OVARIAN ARTERY

28
Q

What is the significance of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

What kegel exercises do to strengthen vagina

29
Q

What are the different abnormalities of PM fusion?

A
  1. Bicornuate uterus (two uteri and one vage)
  2. Uterus Didelphys with double vagina
  3. Uterus arcuatus (indentation on top)
  4. Uterus bicornis unicollis (two horns, one separated)
  5. Atresia of cervix (uterus and vagina are not connected)
  6. Atresia of vagina (bottom part of vagina occluded)
30
Q

What are the three areas of the external genitalia of the female?

A
  1. Glans area
    • clit in females
    • glans of penis in males
  2. Genital Swelling
    • labia majora
    • scrotum in males
  3. Urogenital fold
    • labia minora
    • shaft of penis
31
Q

When does Meiosis I resume?

A

During ovulation

Will arrest in METAPHASE of M2

32
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A

Part of the BROAD LIGAMENT

Stretches from ovary to uterine tube

33
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

Part of BROAD LIGAMENT

Covers the ovaries

34
Q

What is the mesometrium?

A

Constitutes the majority of broad ligament
Covers the ureter
Forms the mesentery of the uterus

Reproduction Week 1 (13 decks)

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