Lecture 1: facial muscles and parotid gland

Question 1

suprahyoid region muscles and nerve

Answer 1

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid

hypoglossal nerve

Question 2

mylohyoid muscle (attachment and innervation)

Answer 2

mylohyoid line of the mandible to the hyoid bone

nerve to the mylohyoid (CN V3)

Question 3

geniohyoid muscle (attachment and innervation)

Answer 3

mental spine of the mandible to the hyoid bone

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

Question 4

digastric muscle- anterior belly (attachment and innervation)

Answer 4

digastric fossa of the mandible to intermediate tendon

nerve to the mylohyoid

Question 5

digastric muscle- posterior belly (attachment and innervation)

Answer 5

mastoid notch to intermediate tendon

facial nerve

Question 6

stylohyoid muscle (attachment and innervation)

Answer 6

styloid process of the temporal bone to the hyoid bone

facial nerve

Question 7

functions of the suprahyoids

Answer 7

make up a significant part of the floor of the mouth and elevate the hyoid and larynx

Question 8

hyopglossal nerve in the suprahyoid region

Answer 8

• leaves the skull through the hypoglossal canal and descends just below the angle of the mandible
• then crosses the external carotid artery
• then crosses the lingual artery
• travels deep to the mylohyoid muscle to reach the tongue

Question 9

muscles of facial expression (general features)

Answer 9

• in subcutaneous tissue of the anterior and posterior scalp, face, and neck
• move the skin and change facial expression
• attach to bone or fascia
• develop from mesoderm in the second pharyngeal arches

Question 10

occipitofrontalis muscle action

Answer 10

independent contraction of the occipital belly retracts the scalp and contraction of the frontal belly protracts it

Question 11

occipitofrontalis occipital belly attachment

Answer 11

superior nochal line

Question 12

occipitofrontalis muscle occipital belly attachment

Answer 12

superior nochal line

Question 13

occipitofrontalis muscle frontal belly attachment

Answer 13

inserts into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead

Question 14

occipitofrontalis muscle occipital belly innervation

Answer 14

posterior auricular branch of facial nerve

Question 15

occipitofrontalis muscle frontal belly innervation

Answer 15

temporal branches of facial nerve

Question 16

orbicularis oris muscle action

Answer 16

tonic: close mouth
phasic: compresses and protrudes lips

Question 17

orbicularis oris muscle attachments

Answer 17

• medial maxilla and mandible, and angle of the mouth

- inserts within the mucous membrane of the lips

Question 18

orbicularis oris muscle innervation

Answer 18

buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve

Question 19

buccinator muscle attachment

Answer 19

• laterally to the alveolar process of the maxillae and mandible
• pterygomandibular raphe (tendinous thickening of the buccopharyngeal fascia)
• anteriorly it blends with fibers of the orbicularis

Question 20

buccinator muscle innervation

Answer 20

buccal branch of the facial nerve

Question 21

buccinator muscle actions

Answer 21

active in smiling
keeps cheeks taut
helps cheeks resist forces of whistling and sucking

Question 22

muscles that help keep food betweenn the occlusal surfaces of the teeth during mastication and to prevent food from accumulating in the oral vestibule

Answer 22

• orbicularis oris
• buccinator
• tongue

Question 23

5 layers of the scalp

Answer 23

• skin
• connective tissue
• epicranial aponeurosis
• lose areolar tissue
• pericranium

Question 24

5 layers of the scalp- skin

Answer 24

thin, except in the occipital region, containing many sweat and sebaceous glands and hair follicles

Question 25

5 layers of the scalp- connective tissue

Answer 25

forms the thick, dense, richly vascularized subcutaneous layer that is well supplied with cutaneous nerves

Question 26

5 layers of the scalp- epicranial aponeurosis

Answer 26

broad, strong, tendinous sheet that serves as the attachment for the occipitofrontalis muscle

Question 27

5 layers of the scalp- pericranium

Answer 27

dense layer of connective tissue that forms the external periosteum of the neurocranium

Question 28

platysma muscle attachment

Answer 28

- subcutaneous tissue of supra and infraclavicular regions | - base of mandible, skin of cheek, angle of mouth and orbicularis oris

Question 29

platysma muscle action

Answer 29

- from superior attachment, tenses the skin, producing vertical skin ridges - from inferior attachment, helps depress the mandible and draw corners of the mouth inferiorly, as in a grimace

Question 30

platysma muscle innervation

Answer 30

cervical branch of the facial nerve

Question 31

levator anguli oris muscle attachment

Answer 31

canine fossa of the maxilla immediately inferior to the infraorbital foramen to the angle of the mouth

Question 32

levator anguli oris muscle action

Answer 32

lifts the angles of the mouth

Question 33

levator anguli oris muscle innervation

Answer 33

buccal brach of facial nerve

Question 34

depressor anguli oris muscle attachment

Answer 34

external oblique line of the mandible to the angle of the mouth

Question 35

depressor anguli oris muscle action

Answer 35

pulls the angles of the mouth downward

Question 36

depressor anguli oris muscle innervation

Answer 36

marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve

Question 37

zygomaticus major muscle attachment

Answer 37

lateral aspect of the zygomatic bone and angle downward and medially to insert into the angle of the mouth

Question 38

zygomaticus major muscle action

Answer 38

draws the angle of the mouth upward and backward (como elvis)

Question 39

zygomaticus major muscle innervation

Answer 39

buccal branch of facial nerve (and some fibers from the zygomatic branch)

Question 40

zygomaticus minor muscle attachment

Answer 40

anterior aspect of the zygomatic bone and angle downward and medially to insert into the skin of the upper lip

Question 41

zygomaticus minor muscle action

Answer 41

assists in elevation of the upper lip

Question 42

zygomaticus minor muscle innervation

Answer 42

buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 43

risorius muscle attachment

Answer 43

arises from parotid and mesenteric fascia and buccal skin and inserts transversely into the angle of the mouth

Question 44

risorius muscle action

Answer 44

retracts the angle of the mouth posteriorly

Question 45

risorius muscle innervation

Answer 45

mandibular and or buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 46

levator labii superioris muscle attachment

Answer 46

originates form inferior orbital margin and inserts into the upper lip

Question 47

levator labii superioris muscle action

Answer 47

raise the upper lip

Question 48

levator labii superioris muscle innervation

Answer 48

buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 49

depressor labii inferioris muscle attachment

Answer 49

arises from the lowest portion of the oblique line of the mandible and inserts into the skin of the lower lip

Question 50

depressor labii infirioris muscle action

Answer 50

depresses the lower lip

Question 51

depressor labii inferioris muscle innervation

Answer 51

marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

Question 52

orbicularis oculi muscle attachments

Answer 52

originates form medial orbital margin and lacrimal bone and inserts into skin around orbit

Question 53

orbicularis oculi muscle innervation

Answer 53

temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

Question 54

orbicularis oculi muscle (palperal portion) action

Answer 54

blinking

Question 55

orbicularis oculi muscle (orbital portion) action

Answer 55

forceful closing

Question 56

corrugator supercilli muscle attachments

Answer 56

- medial end of superciliary arch | - skin overlying the superciliary arch and supraorbital margin

Question 57

corrugator supercilli muscle action

Answer 57

draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly

Question 58

corrugator supercilli muscle innervation

Answer 58

temporal branch of the facial nerve

Question 59

mentalis muscle attachments

Answer 59

- body of mandible anterior to the roots of inferior incisors - skin of chin

Question 60

mentalis muscle action

Answer 60

elvates and protrudes lower lip

Question 61

mentalis muscle innervation

Answer 61

marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve

Question 62

nasal muscles | levator labi superioris alaeque nasii and alar part of nasalis attachments

Answer 62

- frontal process of maxilla | - alar cartilage

Question 63

nasal muscles | levator labi superioris alaeque nasii and alar part of nasalis action

Answer 63

depresses ala laterally (dilates nasal aperture)

Question 64

nasal muscles | levator labi superioris alaeque nasii and alar part of nasalis innervation

Answer 64

buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 65

nasal muscles | procerus and transverse part of nasalis attachment

Answer 65

- fascia on dorm of nose and lateral nasal cartilage | - skin of interior forehead between brows

Question 66

nasal muscles | procerus and transverse part of nasalis action

Answer 66

depresses medial end of brow, wrinkles skin on dorm of nose

Question 67

nasal muscles | procerus and transverse part of nasalis innervation

Answer 67

buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 68

muscles of the mouth, lips, and cheeks

Answer 68

-orbicularis oris -buccinator -levator anguli oris -depressor anguli oris -zygomaticus major zgomaticus minor -risorius -levator labii superioris depressor labii inferioris

Question 69

muscles of the eye, forehead

Answer 69

- orbicularis oculi | - corrugator supercilli

Question 70

muscles of the chin and nose

Answer 70

- mentalis | - nasal muscles

Question 71

cervicofacial trunk gives rise to

Answer 71

buccal branch mandibular branch cervical branch