Lecture 1: Face/Parotid Region Flashcards
Mylohyoid
Mylohyoid line of mandible»_space; hyoid bone
N to mylohyoid (CNV3)
Geniohyoid (deep to mylohyoid)
Mental spine of mandible»_space; hyoid
Hypoglossal n
Digastric
ANTERIOR
Digastric fossa of mandible
N to mylohyoid
POSTERIOR
Mastoid notch
Facial n
Meet at intermediate tendon to attach on hyoid.
Stylohyoid
Styloid process of TEMPORAL bone» hyoid
Facial n
Hypoglossal n
Leaves skull via hypoglossal canal –> neck, below angle of mandible
- Crosses ECA and lingual a
Deep to mylohyoid m to reach tongue
Muscles of facial expression
subcutaneous tissue of anterior/posterior scalp, face and neck
- Attach to bone or fascia and pull the skin
- All develop from mesoderm in second pharyngeal arches
Clinical note: facial swelling
Subcutaneous tissue between cutaneous attachments of facial muscles = loose -> enables fluid/blood to accumulate
Occipitofrontalis (occipital)
Attaches to superior nuchal line
action: contraction –> refracts scalp
Innervation: posterior auricular branch of facial n
SHARE TENDON: epicranial aponeurosis
Occipitofrontalis (frontal)
skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead
Action: contraction –> protracts scalp
Inn: Temporal branches of facial n
Scalp
Skin: thin except in occipital region, many sweat/sebaceous glands and hair follicles
CT: thick vascularized subcutaneous layer, cutaneous nerves
epicranial Aponeurosis: broad, strong, tendinous sheet – attachment for occipitofrontalis muscle
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium: dense layer of CT forms external periosteum of neurocranium
Orbicularis Oris
Encircles mouth within lips, controlling entry/exit through oral fissure
*speech
Attachments:
- Medial maxilla and mandible, angle of mouth
- Inserts within mucous membrane of lips
Action:
Tonic-closes mouth
Phasic-compresses and protrudes lips
Innervation:
Buccal and marginal mandibular branches of facial n
Buccinator
Laterally -alveolar processes of maxillae and mandible to pterygomandibular raphe (thickening of buccopharyngeal fascia)
-blend w/ orbiculares oris
deeper/more medial, deep to mandible so it’s more closely related to buccal mucosa than skin of face
- buccal branch of facial n
- Keeps cheek taut, prevents it from folding/being injured during chewing
- Helps cheeks resist forces generated by whistling and sucking
Tonus of orbicularis oris and buccinator
Compress cheeks/lips against teeth/gums
+tongue, keep food between occlusal surfaces during mastication
Mobius syndrome
CN6 and 7 (asymmetry of facial expression and severe tooth decay)
Platysma
Subcutaneous tissue of neck
Attachments:
- subcutaneous tissue of supra- and infraclavicular regions
- Base of mandible, skin of cheek, angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
ACTION:
-superior attachment: tenses skin, producing vertical skin ridges
INFERIOR: helps depress mandible and draw corners of mouth inferiorly, as in a grimace