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Gross Anatomy Module 4 > Detailed Exploration of the Skull > Flashcards

Detailed Exploration of the Skull Flashcards

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1
Q

Orbital plates of frontal bone

A

Ant Cranial Fossa
Convex elevations to either side of cribriform plates.
- Form roof of bony orbit below

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2
Q

Crista galli of ethmoid bone

A

Ant Cranial Fossa

projects upward in midline. Also provides attachment for falx cerebri

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3
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Ant Fossa
Ethmoid bone, perforated areas on either side of crista Galli.
- Small perforations communicate with roof of nasal cavity below and transmit olfactory n (CNI)

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4
Q

Lesser wing of sphenoid

A

Posterior aspect of anterior cranial fossa

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5
Q

Anterior clinic processes

A

Middle cranial fossa

Extend posteriorly from lesser wing of sphenoid bone and provide attachments for dura

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6
Q

Petrous portion of temporal bone

A

SP

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7
Q

Sella turcica of sphenoid bone

A

“Turkish saddle” (within circle)

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8
Q

Tuberculum sellae

A

front of “saddle”

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9
Q

Hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

A

Concavity that resembles rider’s seat in saddle and accommodates pituitary gland

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10
Q

Dorsum sellae

A

Back of “saddle”

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11
Q

Posterior clinoid processes

A

Extend posteriorly from either end of dorsum sellae and provide dural attachments

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12
Q

Optic canals

A

Pass forward to orbits and transmit optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries

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13
Q

Optic canals

A

Pass forward to orbits and transmit optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries

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14
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Inverted, comma-shaped gap between greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone found under cover of lesser wing that communicates w/ orbit anteriorly and through which pass ophthalmic veins and CN 3, 4, 6, V1

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15
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Round opening posterior to inferior orbital fissure that transmits maxillary nerve (CN V2)

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16
Q

Foramen ovale

A

oval-shaped opening posterior to foramen rotundum, that leads to infra temporal region below skull and transmits mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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17
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Immediately behind and lateral to foramen oval; small round opening leading from infratemporal region below that transmits middle meningeal artery

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18
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Opening on either side of hypophyseal fossa for entrance of ICA

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19
Q

Carotid canal

A

Junction of greater wing of sphenoid and petrous portion of temporal bone

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20
Q

Hiatus for greater petrosal n

A

Exits from anterior slope of petrous temporal ridge (groove can be followed to foramen lacer)
H

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21
Q

Hiatus for greater petrosal n

A

Exits from anterior slope of petrous temporal ridge (groove can be followed to foramen lacerum)
Hiatus and groove transmit greater petrosal n

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22
Q

Hiatus and groove for lesser petrosal n

A

Run parallel and inferior to greater hiatus and groove, which leads toward foramen ovale and transmits lesser petrosal n

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23
Q

Petrous ridge of temporal bone

A

Posterior cranial fossa

24
Q

Clivus

A

body of sphenoid bone behind dorsum sellae which becomes fused with a portion of occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum
Slopes posteriorly and inferiorly to end as anterior margin of foramen magnum

25
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord continuous with brainstem above

26
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Found on lateral margin of foramen magnum anterior to occipital condyle
Runs obliquely anteriorly and laterally, transmits hypoglossal n (CN12)

27
Q

Internal auditory meatus (IAM)

A

posterior slope of petrous temporal ridge just above jugular foramen.

Passing through opening to middle ear region within temporal bone = CN7, CN8

28
Q

Jugular foramen (JF)

A

large opening lateral to foramen magnum that leads to base of skull below.
Transmits the IJV and cranial 9,10,11

29
Q

Internal occipital protuberance

A

Internal projection of bone at bone at posterior pole of internal aspect of skull (IOP)

30
Q

Normal Basalis

A

Anterior transverse line: joins right and left articular eminence
articular eminence: rounded ridge of bone, runs transversely across anterior limit of mandibular fossa
Posterior transverse line: joins anterior aspects of right and left mastoid processes

31
Q

Normal Basalis: Anterior Region

A

Each side of hard palate consists of 2 bones:

  1. Palatine process of maxilla (Mx) forms anterior 2/3 of palate
  2. Horizontal plate of palatine bone (P) forms posterior 1/3 of palate, ending posteriorly as double crescentshaped free border
32
Q

Posterior nasal spine

A

Midline posterior projection from posterior border of bony palate

33
Q

Incisive foramen

A

Mouth of incisive canal behind central incisor.
Foramen is common opening for right and left incisive canals
–Transmits nasopalatine nerve and vessels

34
Q

Greater palatine canal opens as

A
  1. Greater palatine foramen onto palatal process of palatine bone in line with last maxillary molar.
    * transmits greater palatine n and vessels
  2. Lesser palatine foramen - posterior to greater palatine foramen
    * lesser palatine nerve and vessels
35
Q

Posterior choanae or posterior nasal apertures

A

posterior limits of nasal cavity

36
Q

Vomer

A

free edge of bony nasal septum separated

37
Q

Pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone : Lateral plate

A

Attachment for lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

38
Q

Medial pterygoid plate

A

Posterior limit of lateral wall of nasal cavity

- ends inferiorly as hamulus

39
Q

Scaphoid fossa

A

canoe-shaped shallow depression @ base of medial pterygoid plate

*tensor palatini muscle originates here

40
Q

Palatovaginal canal

A

still anterior

Near base of Vomer

41
Q

Pterygoid canal

A

still anterior
Passes base of pterygoid process.
Mouth of canal medial to scaphoid fossa, passing anterior margin of foramen lacerum

42
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

INTERMEDIATE region

Accomodates condyle of mandible

43
Q

Tympanic plate

A

Forms anterior wall of EAM and posterior, nonfunctioning wall of mandibular fossa

44
Q

EAM

A

int’d region

behind mandibular fossa

45
Q

Squamotympanic fissure/petrotympanic fissure

A

transmits chorda tympani

46
Q

Spine of sphenoid

A

projection medial to mandibular fossa; ligament joins spine to lingula of mandible

47
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

opening anterior to spine of sphenoid, transmits middle meningeal a from base of skull to interior of skull

48
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

usually occupied by cartilage in life

49
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Int’d region

50
Q

Mastoid process

A

of temporal bone *posterior line

51
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

Between styloid and mastoid processes, passage of facial n from within temporal bone

52
Q

Styloid process

A

downward, forward and medial, joined to lesser horn of hyoid bone by stylohyoid ligament

53
Q

Jugular formen

A

Internal jugular vein and CN 9, 10, 11 pass

54
Q

Entrance to carotid canal

A

Anterior immediately anterior to jugular foramen

separated via wedge of bone

55
Q

tympanic canaliculus

A

inferiorly on wedge of bone separating carotid canal/jugular foramen
transmits tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

56
Q

Other posterior structures

A

occipital condyles
hypoglossal canal
foramen magnum (FM)

Gross Anatomy Module 4 (7 decks)

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