Lecture 1 Exam 2 Flashcards
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
What are the kingdoms under the domain Eukarya?
Protista, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae
What unique structures do plant cells have?
Cellulose, Large storage vacuoles, Chloroplasts
When did the first land plants appear?
About 475 million years ago
What are the two major clades of green algae?
Chlorophytes, Charophytes
What is the trend in land plants regarding generation protection?
More diploid embryo protection
What are the challenges plants face on land?
- Obtaining food
- Finding mates
- Protection from predators
- Gravity
- Water loss
- Protection from UV radiation
What chemical do plants use to warn nearby plants of predators?
Methyl jasmonate (MJ)
What is the function of stomata in plants?
Allow for exchange of gases
How do fungi assist plants in colonizing land?
By making nutrients available to plants
What is the haplodiplontic life cycle?
A life cycle with multicellular haploid and diploid stages
What is a gametophyte?
The multicellular haploid stage that produces gametes
What is a sporophyte?
The multicellular diploid stage that produces haploid spores
What are bryophytes?
Non-vascular plants including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
What type of cells do vascular plants use for water and nutrient transport?
Tracheids
What are the main types of vascular plants?
- Lycophytes
- Pterophytes
- Seed plants
What is the significance of seeds in flowering plants?
Seeds are highly resistant and provide food for young plants
What does xylem do?
Conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots
What does phloem do?
Conducts sucrose and hormones throughout the plant
What is Cooksonia?
The first vascular land plant, appeared about 420 million years ago
What is the dominant generation in ferns?
The sporophyte generation is dominant
What do ferns require for reproduction?
Free water for flagellated sperm
What is the role of rhizoids in mosses?
Anchor the plant and absorb water
What are the three clades of bryophytes?
- Liverworts
- Mosses
- Hornworts
True or False: All land plants are haplodiplontic.
True
What is the significance of the cuticle in land plants?
Helps prevent water loss
