lecture 1: core concepts of assessments intro Flashcards
what is occupation?
- everything people do to occupy themselves
- groups of activities and tasks of everyday life
- named, organized, given value and meaning by individuals and culture
- occupations fulfill specific purposes and bring meaning to life
- some are universal; some are idiosyncratic (individual)
what are examples of occupations?
- cooking
- shopping
- cleaning
- traveling
what are the types of occupations?
- self-care
- ex. get dressed, shower, eat - leisure
- ex.socializing, reading, playing music - productivity (contribute to home or community)
- ex. working, going to school, childcare
what is occupational performance?
the ability to choose, organize and satisfactorily perform meaningful occupations
what are occupational performance issues?
OPIs
any problems or issues related to meaningful and purposeful doing
- issue with ability to do; NOT issue with performance component
what is optimal occupational performance?
- satisfactory performance of a person participating in everyday occupations
- derived from values, roles, and interests
satisfaction = subjective
what is occupational therapy?
- enabling engagement in everyday living through occupation
- allow people to perform the occupations that foster health and well-being
- enabling a just and inclusive society that all people may participate to their full potential
what is the goal of occupational therapy?
- concern for actual performance of an occupation but also the level of satisfaction it brings the individual
- concern for potential and possibility for occupational engagement that is afforded by the person-occupation-environment interaction
what is an assessment?
- overarching set of tasks
- involved in finding out about a client and their occupational performance
- collection, analysis, interpretation and classification of information gathered in organized manner
- determines OPIs
> directs us to what to measure to determine therapy outcomes
what do OTs assess?
- what people need to do, want to do, and are expected to do in their everyday lives
- what motivates people (interests, values, roles)
- how personal characteristics interact with the environment to affect occupational performance
- what peoples level of occupational engagement is
why do OTs assess?
- to DESCRIBE a clients status at one point in time
- used to classify individual in respect to norms
- find where biggest performance problems are
- compare to normative performance
ex. functional memory assessment - to PREDICT a clients future performance/status
- used to determine eligibility for service or risk
ex. falls risk assessment - to EVALUATE a change in status over time or outcomes of an intervention
- used at more than on point in time
ex. occupational performance assessment
how to OTs assess? - class response
- talking/asking about occupations
- observation of client as they engage in occupations
- ask family or friend to comment on occupations
- formal structured assessment
- read chart/consult with other disciplines
how do OTs assess?
- organizing frameworks
- theoretical considerations
- guiding principles
organizing frameworks: what is the CPPF?
Canadian practice process framework
organizing frameworks: what are the info gathering stages of the CPPF?
- enter and initiate - client identified, consent obtain, initiate relations and partnerships, determine if referral is appropriate
- set the stage - conduct interview
- structured or semi-structured
- discuss OPI and goals
- develop rapport
- set out ground rules and review roles on both sides - assess and evaluate
- in depth evaluation on personal and environmental factors that impact OPIs
- provide recommendations on how to proceed in therapy
organizing frameworks: what is the ICF?
international classification of function, disability, and health
organizing frameworks: how is the ICF beneficial for assessment?
- helpful for communicating with other disciplines
- recognizes participation in society
- cues you to assess other areas
- includes…
> health condition
> body function and structure
> activities
> participation
> enviro factors
> personal factors
organizing frameworks: what are other organizing frameworks used?
- person-environment-occupation (PEO) model
- Canadian model of occupational performance and engagement (CMOP-E)
- model of human occupation (MOHO)
theoretical considerations: what are theoretical considerations?
- theory of clients disability and corresponding frame of reference can guide choice of assessments
- ex. you might not choose to assess a client’s grip strength if your theory is disability is related to mental health
theoretical considerations: what do OT frames of reference include?
- biomechanical - movement factors
- compensatory - enviro factors
- cognitive-behavioural - thought and emotions
guiding principles: what is COTO?
- regulatory body for OTs in Ontario
- protect people and make sure people receive adequate OT care
- provide standards for OT assessments presented by COTO
guiding principles: what measurement types are used?
- a systematic (and often numeric) approach to assessment is preferred
- assessment, calculation, or judgement of the magnitude, quantity, or quality of a characteristic in a non-subjective way
guiding principles: why is it important to measure?
- supports EBP
- increases accountability and credibility
- shows effectiveness
- informs your treatment planning
- improves decision-making
- makes you a better OT
guiding principles: what is client-centered practice?
- client actively involved in choices related to assessment, intervention and interpreting outcomes
- partnership approach that respects autonomy
- appreciation of the client’s story
- start with occupational issues the client identifies
- not always simple
> who is the client
> what are the risks
> what is the client doesn’t know what OPIs are