Lecture 1 Content

Question 1

What are the 4 basic tissues?

Answer 1

• muscle
  -epithelial
  -nervous
  -connective

Question 2

Is epithelial tissue vascularized?

Answer 2

No, but it rests on connective tissue.

Question 3

Parasympathetic pathways have ______ pre-ganglionic and _____ post-ganglionic fiber

Answer 3

long, and short

Question 4

Parasympathetic nerves release ____

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Nicotinic receptors are found on _____ ganglionic neurons

Answer 5

Pre AND Post

Question 6

Sympathetic nerves release _____

Answer 6

androgens like norepinephrine

Question 7

The basal rate of activity of each system is called the ____

Answer 7

tone

Question 8

sympathetic tone ____

Answer 8

• causes about 50% vasoconstriction (controls blood pressure)
• increasing or decreasing “tone” can change vessel diameter

Question 9

parasympathetic tone_____

Answer 9

-provides background G.I activity

Question 10

What is the effect of the parasympathetic system on the GI tract?

Answer 10

-it stimulates it, up-regulating GI smooth muscle

Question 11

Parasympathetic _____ heart rate and Sympathetic ____ heart rate

Answer 11

Parasympathetic DECREASES heart rate and Sympathetic INCREASES heart rate

Question 12

True or False: In BOTH para and sympathetic nervous system PREgangionic neurons are cholinergic.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Parasympatheric Ganglia are located in

Answer 13

effector tissues

Question 14

Sympathetic ganglia are located

Answer 14

close to the spinal cord

Question 15

Post-Ganglionic sympathetic nerves are ___ and release ____

Answer 15

androgenic and nor-epinephrine

Question 16

Parasympathetic neutrotransmitters have ____ type(s) of receptors

Answer 16

2 types; nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 17

Sympathetic neurotransmitters have ____ type(s) of receptors

Answer 17

1 type, alpha/beta GPCRs

Question 18

SNS is a ____ for cardiovascular and respiratory systems and a ____ for GI

Answer 18

Accelerator and Brake

Question 19

PSNS is a ____ for cardiovascular and respiratory systems and a ____ for GI

Answer 19

Break and Accelerator

Question 20

Sympathetic tone controls ____

Answer 20

Blood pressure. this is done by increasing or decreasing tone which changes vessel diameter.

Question 21

Parasympathetic tone provides ______

Answer 21

background G.I. activity