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Biology 178, Lecture 1: The Spinal Cord > Lecture 1: CNS- The Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Lecture 1: CNS- The Spinal Cord Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?
(Hint: Between L1 and L2)

A

Conus medullaris

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2
Q

_ is the collection of dorsal and ventral roots of spinal segments L2 to S5 along with filum terminale

(Hint: Name comes from resemblance to a horse’s tail)

A

Cauda Equina

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3
Q

What is filium terminale?

A

A fibrous tissue that connects the spinal cord and the coccyx.

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4
Q

True or False.
Filum terminale is not a nervous tissue.

A

True

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5
Q

Is the spinal cord in need of the brain in order to function?

A

No, the spinal cord is capable of functioning on its own without the brain.

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6
Q

What are the functions of the brain and the spinal cord?

A
  • Receive sensory input from receptors.
  • Contain reflex center
  • Send motor output to effectors
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7
Q

Approximately how long is the adult spinal cord?

A

18 inches

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8
Q

True or False.
The Spinal cord is as long as the vertebral column.

A

False

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9
Q

Between which spinal bones does the spinal cord end?

A

L1 and L2

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10
Q

True or False
There is a total of 31 spinal nerves.

A

False

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11
Q

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

6

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12
Q

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

5

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13
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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14
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12

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15
Q

What are the four regions of the spinal cord?
* In order *

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

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16
Q

__ is a shallow groove on a dorsal (posterior surface)

A

posterior median sulcus

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17
Q

__ is a deeper groove on the ventral (anterior) surface containing folds of pia matter.

A

Anterior median fissure

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18
Q

What is a spinal meninge?

A

series of specialized membranes surrounding the spinal cord.

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19
Q

What is the function of the spinal meninges?

A
  • provide physical stability and shock absorber
  • blood vessels within layers deliver oxygen and nutrients to spinal cord.
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20
Q

What are the three layers of the CRANIAL meninges?

A
  1. Dura Mater: tough and fibrous outer layer
  2. Arachnoid matter: middle layer
  3. Pia Mater: innermost layer.
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21
Q

True or False:
The Dura Mater is fused to the bony vertebral canal.

A

False

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22
Q

What is the space called between the Dura Matter and the bony vertebral canal?

A

Epidural Space

23
Q

__ is contains areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue for padding.

A

Epidural space

24
Q

What two matters does the spinal cord contain?

A

Gray matter and White matter.

25
Q

Which matter is centered, h shaped or butterfly-shaped?

A

Gray matter

26
Q

What is gray matter composed of?

A

Mostly cell bodies (soma) and some unmyelinated neurons.

27
Q

True or False.
The white matter surrounds the gray matter.

A

True

28
Q

White matter is composed of?

A

myelinated axons

29
Q

Which canal contains CSF and closes with age?

A

Central Canal

30
Q

__ integrates both motor and sensory information from the peripheral nervous system.

A

Gray Matter

30
Q

__ receives sensory information from the peripheral nervous system.

A

sensory nuclei

31
Q

__ sends motor commands to the peripheral nervous system.

A

motor nuclei

32
Q

which area is where the axons cross between the half of the spinal cord?

A

Gray commissures

33
Q

__ carries information between segments of the spinal cord and to/ from the brain.

A

White Matter

34
Q

White matter is arranged in columns in which contain bundles of neurons called ___.

A

Tracts

35
Q

__ tract carries sensory information to the brain.

A

ascending

36
Q

__ tract carries motor commands to spinal cord from brain.

A

descending

37
Q

What are the names of the three columns that the white matter is divided into?

A
  1. Posterior White Column
  2. Lateral White Column
  3. Anterior White Column
38
Q

What is unique about each column?

A

Each column carries information that is specific to region and side of the body.

39
Q

True or False
Anterior and Posterior white commissures join the anterior and posterior white columns to coordinate activity on either side of the body.

A

True

40
Q

True or False
There is a total of 62 spinal nerves.

A

True

41
Q

What do the spinal nerves contain?

A

A large Number of Axons, along with blood vessels and connective tissue.

42
Q

Spinal nerves have a combination of both _ and _ axons.

A
  1. afferent (sensory)
  2. efferent (motor)
43
Q

What is one thing that the bundle of nerve axons has in common?

A

Share common pathways and are surrounded by connective tissue.

44
Q

What are the three layers of the connective tissues of the spinal nerve?

A
  1. Epineurium - dense irregular connective tissue; covers outside.
  2. Perineurium - divides inferior of nerve to fascicles.
  3. Endoneurium - delicate connective tissue layer that surrounds the neurons
45
Q

Fascicles are __.

A

bundles of neuron axons.

46
Q

endoneurium fluid is ___.

A

Similar to CSF.

47
Q

What occurs when there is too much endoneurium fluid ?

A

Compresses the nuerons

48
Q

__ contains afferent fibers from the periphery.

A

Dorsal Root

49
Q

The cell bodies for the dorsal root are found in the __.

A

dorsal root ganglia

50
Q

__ contains efferent fibers carrying signals from the anterior gray horn out the body.

A

Ventral Root

51
Q

Both the dorsal and ventral root form a spinal nerve, however, they split again. Each form two branches called:

A
  1. Dorsal Ramus
  2. Ventral Ramus
52
Q

__ is afferent, innervates (motor and sensory) muscles, joints, and skin of the back (dorsal surface)

A

Dorsal Ramus

53
Q

__ is efferent, innervates (motor and sensory) structures in the lateral and anterior trunk and limbs.

A

Ventral Ramus

Biology 178, Lecture 1: The Spinal Cord (4 decks)

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