Lecture 1 (Chapters 5 and 6)

Question 1

What questions can’t be answered by scientific method and limitations of science?

Answer 1

Questions about God or any supernatural force can’t be answered by science

Question 2

what is the difference between a control group and controlled variables?

Answer 2

Controlled variables are variables that are kept constant between all groups so it is a “fair test”
Control group is the group that is exposed to all the same conditions as the experimental group. except for the variable that is actually being tested. This group is used for comparison.

Question 3

state two assumptions incorporated into scientific studies

Answer 3

1. There are mechanistic explanations for natural phenomena

2. The laws of nature do not change over time

Question 4

similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 4

1. enclosed by plasma membranes
2. contains ribosomes
3. have DNA
4. filled with cytoplasm

Question 5

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 5

1. prokaryotic cells have no nuclei. Eukaryotic cells have a nuclei
2. Prokaryotic cells are not found in humans. eukaryotic cells are found in humans
3. Prokaryotic cells are always unicellular. Eukaryotic cells are often multicellular
4. prokaryotic cells use binary fission. eukaryotic cells use mitosis/meiosis
5. Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA structure. Eukaryotic cells have linear DNA structure
6. Prokaryotic cells don’t have organelles. Eukaryotic cells do have organelles

Question 6

Monomers of proteins

Answer 6

Amino acids

Question 7

Polymers of proteins

Answer 7

Polypeptides

Question 8

example of protein

Answer 8

insulin

Question 9

monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 9

simple sugar

Question 10

polymer of carbohydrates

Answer 10

polysaccharides

Question 11

example of carbohydrates

Answer 11

starch

Question 12

monomer of lipids

Answer 12

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 13

polymer of lipids

Answer 13

lipids

Question 14

example of lipids

Answer 14

fats, oils, waxes

Question 15

monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 15

nucleotides

Question 16

polymer of nucleic acids

Answer 16

nucleic acids

Question 17

example of nucleic acids

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

theory

Answer 18

well-supported explanation of some aspect of the natural world. Broad and has been repeatedly tested and supported by many studies

“All living things are made of cells.”

Question 19

hypothesis

Answer 19

tentative statement about the natural wold leading to ideas that can be tested. a hypothesis offers and explanation for observations

Question 20

fact

Answer 20

an observation that has been repeatedly confirmed

Question 21

types of protein structure

Answer 21

primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure

Question 22

primary protein structure

Answer 22

backbone

peptide bonds

Question 23

secondary protein structure

Answer 23

backbone

hydrogen bonds

Question 24

tertiary protein structure

Answer 24

side chains

ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der waals interaction, disulfide bridge

Question 25

quaternary protein structure

Answer 25

side chains

ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds? van der waals interaction, disulfide bridge

Question 26

functions of proteins

Answer 26

enzymatic proteins
defensive proteins
storage proteins
transport proteins
hormonal proteins
receptor proteins
contractile and motor proteins
structural proteins