Lecture 1: Cells and their components Flashcards
What does cell theory state? (4)
- cells are the fundamental units of life
- all organisms are composed of cells
- all cells form from pre-existing cells
- all cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane
define unicellular organisms
a single cell that carries out all the functions of life
define multicellular organisms
made of many cells that are specialized for different functions
what 2 groups are included in prokaryotes?
Bacteria and Archaea
what 4 components to all prokaryotic cells have?
DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cell wall
what 3 components do all eukaryotic cells have?
- cytoskeleton
- nucleus
- complex internal membrane systems
what’s a important model cell system for prokaryote research?
E.Coli
What’s an important model cell system for lower eukaryote research?
Yeast
What’s an important model cell system for high eukaryote research?
Human tissue culture
what are 3 important model animals?
zebrafish, drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans
What do Peroxisomes do?
break down fatty acids, alcohol and toxins
What disease can defects in peroxisome synthesis causse?
Zellweger syndrome
What is cytosol?
- largest single compartment in the cell
- site of many fundamental cellular processes
What makes up the cytoplasm?
everything inside the plasma membrane outside the nucleus
What is the nucleus simply known as?
‘information store’
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
nuclear envelope
what does the nucleus contain?
cellular DNA and chromosomes
Where is the nucleolus found?
inside the nucleus
what does the nucleolus contain?
ribosomal RNA- to assemble ribosomal subunits
what is the mitochondria’s main role?
energy generation
what process occurs in the mitochondria?
oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP
What sort of membrane does the mitochondria have?
double membrane
what’s the structure of the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
extensively folded (increase SA for cellular respiration)
What’s the main role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesis
