Lecture 1 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the three molecules that are found in living organisms? What are the amounts they are typically found in?
- Water (70%)
- Organic Molecules (30%)
- Inorganic Ions (1%)
What are the components of the Organic Molecules category? (opt. state amounts)
- Carbohydrates (2%)
- Proteins (55%)
- Nucleic Acids (24%)
- Lipids (9%)
- Mixed Macromolecules (6%)
- Cofactors (3%)
What two components classify organic compounds as organic?
Carbon and Hydrogen
T or F. Life is carbon based because carbon can form rings/chains, has a valence of 4, and is abundant on earth.
False. Carbon is not abundant on Earth.
State another element that may be used instead of carbon, and explain why it is not used.
Silicone, it is not used because it can not form rings or chains. However it is more abundant and also has a valence of 4.
What are the four most common elements found in living cells?
Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen
What are seven minerals found in living cells?
Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine
What is another word for polymers?
Large Organic Molecules
How are polymers created and in what shape?
Polymers are created through Dehydration Synthesis and are formed when monomers join together in a chain.
What is a molecule called if it has two subunits?
A Dimer.
What is a molecule called if it has approximately 10 subunits?
An Oligomer.
What is a molecule called if it has 100+ subunits?
A Polymer.
Which reaction is responsible for breaking a polymer apart?
Hydrolysis (the addition of an H20 molecule)
What is the general formula for Monosaccharides?
CnH2n0n
What is the function of Monosaccharides & Disaccharides?
Energy source + Carbon source
