Lecture 1: Building Blocks and Linear Polymers Flashcards
Polymer
Covalently linked chain on monomers
common element
phosphate group (backbone)
characteristic element
nucleotide base
Branched Polymers
Can be done if the monomer has three joining sites
Biopolymers conformation
linear so that they are easier to compact
Asymmetric monomers
two joining sites of different characteristics
Monomer of DNA
nucleotides
Monomer of RNA
nucleotides
Monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotides
Monomer of protein
amino acids
Characteristic Element of Nucleotides
heterocyclic base
Nucleotide backbone
pentose phosphate
phosphate bind site on ribose
5’
hydroxyl bind sind on ribose
3’
Addition of monomers to ribose
addition of 3’ hydroxyl end
DNA vs RNA
DNA:
- Has no OH on 2’
- ACGT
- Deoxyribose
Purines
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine Thymine and Uracil
T vs U
thymine has a methyl group on its C5
Linkage of two nucleotides
phosphodiester
Characteristic element of amino acids
R variable grp
Groups in amino acid
Amino grp (NH2)
Carboxylic acid grp (COOH)
R variable
Chain growth in amino acids
COOH
Amino Acids
Building blocks of proteins
- 8 hydrophobic 9 hydrophilic and 3 special
Amino Acid Linkage
Peptide bond
Nucleoside
Ribose and base
Nucleotide Monomers
dNTPs
Monomer incorporation into polymer chain
Amino-acyl tRNA esters
DNA
Double stranded
Anti-parralel
Right handed helix (B)
Sugar-phosphate backbone on outside
Minor and Major groove
DNA melting
High temp causes denaturation
Increase GC content increase Tm
Why are GC bonds stronger than AT
3 hydrogen bonds vs 2
