LECTURE 1: Body Fluid compartment and determination. ECF and ICF Flashcards
LOCALISATION OF INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
(ECF OR INTERSTITIUM)
IONIC COMPOSITION OF ECF
MILIEU EXTERIEUR/ INTERIOR
CLAUDE BERNARD
MILIEU EXTERIEUR: PHYSICALLY SURRROUNDS WHOLE ORGANISM
MILIEU INTERIEUR: IN WHICH TISSUES AND CELLS LIVE
'’THE CONSTANCY OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IS THE CONDITION FOR A FREE AND INDEPENDENT LIFE’’
DEFINITION OF PHYSIOLOGY
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ECF K+ REGULATION
- PARAMETER: 3.5-5mM; set point is genetically encoded
- monitor deviations from set point glomerosa cells of adrenal gland
- elevate ECF K+ ion concentration: aldosterone production
- aldosterone acts on particular kidney cells, K+ ion excretion from body will increase
- DECREASES ECF K+ ion concentration
***NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONROL***
PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO BE REULATED?
PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL MECHANISMS?
THERE ARE 4…..
DRAW EUKARYOTIC CELL:
NUCLEUS
GENOME OF THE CELL
22 PAIRS OF AUTOSOMES AND 1 PAIR OF SEX CHROMOSOMES
ENZYME ACTION TO REPAIR AND TRANSCRIBE DNA
MITOCHONDRIA
2 MEMBRANES ( INNER AND OUTER (WITH PORES)
OWN DNA (GAMMA DNA)
GENERATE ATP VIA OP
CAC
SITE OF SEQUESTRATION OF CA2+ IONS
rER
MEMBRANE NETWORK
RIBOSOMES, TRANSLATION OF MRNA
PTM
GOLGI APPARATUS
PTM
SORTS PROTEINS AND PACKAGES THEM FOR DELIVERY
sER
NO RIBOSOMES
CONVERSION OF HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES TO WATER SOLUBLE
SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS
CA2+ POOL OF IONS
PROTEASOMES
NOT MEMBRANE BOUND
DEGRADITIVE FUNCTION
FREE RIBOSOMES
TRANSLATE MRNA FOR CYTOSOLIC PROTEINS
PERIOXISOMES
OXIDATIVE ENZYMES
METABOLIZES EHTANOL TO ACETALDEHYDE
CYTOSKELETON
ACTIN AND INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
MICROTUBULES
CONTRACTION MOVEMENT
INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT
PLASMA MEMBRANE
SEPARATES CELL INTERIOR FROM ENVIRONEMENT
CONNECTS INDIVIDUAL CELLS TO OTHERS
PHOSPHOLIPID MOLECULE AND PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
OUTER LOCALISED LIPIDS AND THEIR FUNCTION
PHOSPHOLIPIDS:
PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (LIPID RAFT)
SPHINGOMYELIN (LIPID RAFT)
CHOLESTEROL= INNER/OUTER (MEMBRANE FLUIDITY AND LIPD RAFT)
GLYCOLIPIDS:
GPI (GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL)= PROTEIN ANCHOR
INNER LOCALISED LIPIDS AND THEIR FUNCTION?
PHOSPHOLIPIDS:
P. SERINE
P. ETHANOLAMINE
P. INOSITOL
CHOLESTEROL= INNER/OUTER=MEMRANE FLUIDITY AND LIPID RAFT
LIPID: LOCALISATION AND FUNCTION?
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE?
CFTR
CYSTIC FIBROSIS= AUTOSOMALRECESSIVE DISORDER
-CHRONIC LUNG INFECTIONS, PANCREATIC INSUFICIENCY, INFERTILITY IN MALES
MUTATION OF GENE ON CHROMOSOME 7 (CODING FOR ABC TRANSPORTER)
MOST COMMONLY DELETION OF A PHE AT POSITION 508
CFTR= CL-CHANNEL, REGULATES other membrane transporters (ENAC)
ENAC=defective in patients with CF
urea
Hypotonic—>lysis and swelling
ineffective osmole= cannot pass through PM
Functions of PM proteins:
selective transport of molecules
cell recognition via surface antigens
cell communication (PM receptors)
tissue organisation through adhesion molecules
enzymatic activity
determination of cell shape (linking cytoskeleton)
volumes of body fluid compartments
Ionic composition of ECF and ICF?
transcellular Fluid
CSF
ocular fluid
synovial fluid
pleural cavity
peritoneal cavity
measurements of volume in fluid compartments?
fluid compartments of prototypic adult human weighing 70kg
parameters and regulation
increase aldosterone
decrease: negative FB control
physiological control mechanisms
