Lecture 1- Basic principles Flashcards
what are the 2 main cells of the nervous system
neuron
glial
what is a neuron
an individual nerve cell
more than one neuron is a nerve
what is a glial cell
surround neurons and provide support and insulation for them. They play a role in waste management and transmission of signals.
what and where is the dendrite
the end of the neuron which receives signals then passes them from neuron to neuron
what and where is the cell body
around the nucleus, keeps the neuron alive and connects to the dendrites.
what and where is the nucleus
inside the cell body and contains the genetic material of the neuron
what and where is the axon
connects the dendrite to the myelin sheath, it conducts electrical impulses (action potentials) away from the cell body
what and where is the myelin sheath
the middle section of a neuron, it surrounds the axon which forms an electrically insulating layer
what and where is the node of ranvier
gaps between myelinated axons, aim is to speed up action potential along the axon
what and where is the axon terminals
the end of the axon, conducts electrical signals to the nerve synapse.
what are the 3 types of neurons
afferent
efferent
interneurons
what are afferent neurons
sensory neurons that carry signals from sensory stimuli to the CNS
what are efferent neurons
motor neurons that carry signals away from the CNS to the effectors (muscles)
what are interneurons
relays signals between afferent neurons and motor neurons
what are the 3 types of neuron sttructures
multipolar neuron
bipolar neuron
unipolar neuron
