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CATA 337 > Lecture 1: Assessment > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is a therapy differential diagnosis

A

Comparing neuromusculoskeletal signs and symptoms to identify movement dysfunction

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2
Q

What is the order for a MSK assessment

A
  1. Patient history
  2. Observation
  3. Screening
  4. Special tests
  5. Special tests
  6. Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
  7. Joint play
  8. Palpatin
  9. Diagnostic imaging
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3
Q

Define SOAP

A

S: Subjective (what they tell you)
O: Objective (what you see)
A: Assessment
P: Plan

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4
Q

What do nurses use and how is it different than a SOAP note

A

They use a SOAPIE:
I: Implement (what you’ve done)
e: Evaluation (Has the care so far been effective in helping the patient goals)

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5
Q

In what order is an assessment done in Canada

A

History of client
History of injury
Observations
Stress tests
Palpation
Physician diagnostic (radiology)
Physician diagnostic (lab test)

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6
Q

What are examples of words to describe pain that are worthy of further investigation

A

cramping
colicky
throbbing
aching
pressure
tightness
heaviness
weakness
poor balance
numbness
severe
disabling
worst pain I have ever had

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7
Q

What are the red flags

A

cancer
cardiovascular
GI
genitourinary
neurological
miscellaneous

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8
Q

What are the yellow flags

A

Abnormal s&s
Bilateral symptoms
Symptoms peripheralizing
Neurological symptoms
Multiple nerve root involvement
Abnormal sensation patterns
Saddle anesthesia
Upper motor neuron symptoms
Fainting drop attacks
Vertigo
ANS symptoms
progressive weakness
Gait disturbances
Multiple inflamed joints
Psychosocial stresses
Circulatory or skin change

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9
Q

What are the Cancer red flags

A
  • Persistent pain at night
  • Constant pain anywhere in the body
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
    Unusual lumps or growths
  • Unwarranted fatigue
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10
Q

What are the cardiovascular red flags

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dizziness
  • Pain o a feeling of heaviness in the chest
  • Pulsating pain anywhere in the body
  • Constant and severe pain in lower leg or arm
  • Discolored or painful feet
  • Swelling
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11
Q

What are the GI and genitourinary red flags

A
  • Frequent or severe abdominal pain
  • Frequent heartburn or indigestion
  • Frequent nausea or vomiting
  • Change in or problems with bowel and/or urinary function
  • Unusual menstrual irregularities
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12
Q

What are the neurological red flags

A
  • Changes in hearing
  • Frequent or severe headaches with no history of injury
  • Problems with swallowing or changes in speech
  • Problems with balance, coordination, or falling
  • Fainting spells
  • Sudden weakness
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13
Q

What are the miscellaneous red flags

A
  • Fever or night sweats
  • Recent severe emotional disturbances
  • Swelling or redness in any joint with no history of injury
  • Pregnancy
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14
Q

What 4 things should be asked during injury HX

A

MOI
Onset timing (slow, sudden)
Symptoms
OPQRST

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15
Q

What does pain that us not affected by rest or activity usually indicate?

A

Bone pain, organic/systemic disorders, or other severe pathologies

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16
Q

What does pain with activity that decreases with rest usually indicate?

A

Mechanical pain from something being pinched, stretched, or contracted

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17
Q

What does pain and stiffness in the morning, which improves with activity usually indicate

A

Chronic inflammation & edema that decreases with activity

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18
Q

What does pain and aching that increases as the day progresses usually indicate

A

Congestion in the joint (swelling) from the joint being overstressed

19
Q

What are systemic descriptions of pain?

A

disturbs sleep, deep, pressure relieves, not mechanical, associations (fever, rash, fatigue, infection)

20
Q

What are musculoskeletal descriptions of pain?

A

Lessens at night and with less activity, sharp and superficial, no associations

21
Q

Muscle pain

A

cramp, dull, ache

22
Q

Ligament, joint, capsule pain

A

dull, ache

23
Q

Nerve root pain

A

Sharp, shooting

24
Q

Nerve pain

A

Sharp, bright, lightening

25
Q

Sympathetic nerve pain

A

Burning, pressure, stinging, ache

26
Q

Bone pain

A

Deep, nagging, dull

27
Q

Fracture pain

A

Sharp, severe, intolerable

28
Q

Vasculature

A

Throbbing, diffuse

29
Q

What are common constitutional symptoms of a systemic disease

A

Fever, diaphoresis, night sweats, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pallor, dizziness/syncope, fatigue, weight loss

30
Q

T/F, The IOS is made from the history and special tests

A

False, it is made from history alone

31
Q

What should you look for in terms of pain with posture

A

Guarding
Bracing
Rubbing
Grimacing
Sighing

32
Q

Define SHARP

A

Swelling
Heat
Altered function
Redness
Pain

33
Q

What are 3 things that should be looked for during a screening exam

A
  1. Red or yellow flags
  2. Perform quick systems check and review of systems
  3. Rule out the suspected condition or refer
34
Q

What does a scanning examination involve?

A

Peripheral joint scan
Motor scan
Sensory scan

35
Q

In which 7 situations would you use a scanning exam?

A
  1. No history of trauma
  2. Radicular signs present
  3. Trauma with radicular signs
  4. Altered sensation in limb
  5. Spinal cord signs
  6. Abnormal patterns
  7. Suspected psychogenic pain
36
Q

What does a peripheral joint scan rule out

A

Movement (mechanical) pathology in joints

37
Q

What does a scan help differentiate

A

Nerve root symptoms (from spine) and peripheral nerve symptoms

38
Q

What is cleared in the cervical scan

A

Cervical spine
TMJ
Scapular area, joints to fingers

39
Q

What is cleared in the lumbar scan

A

Lumbar spine joints to toes

40
Q

What ROM is done in the cervical spine scan

A

Flexion
Extension
Side flexion R & L
Rotation R & L

41
Q

What movement is done in the TMJ scan

A

Open and close of jaw

42
Q

What movements are done for the scapula scan

A

Elevation through flexion, abduction
Apley scratch
Rotation at 90 abduction

43
Q
A

CATA 337 (3 decks)

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