Lecture 1 - ANS Flashcards
change value
baseline - value at moment of interest
= reactivity
reactivity
baseline - value at moment of interest
= change value
approaches in psychophysiological measurements
might be different for two different activities, like heart rate / skin conductivity
usually not invasive
habituation
participant gets used to environment
comparability and scale
soccer on TV might be more exciting than anything measured in the lab
accelerometer
posture and activity
recovery
usually almost to baseline
but slightly higher
possible indexes for most stressful events
peak heart-rate + self-report
Demasio’s ‘as if’
feeling / affects have feedback with emotional response
location of feelings
amygdala and hypothalamus
location of execution of ANS
pituitary
locus coeruleus & raphe nucleus
VTA
physiological reponses
execution of ANS
sympathetic
activation
fight or flight
parasympathetic
restoration
rest & digest
ECG
= EKG
= electrocardiograph / electrokardiograph
recording from the outside
different sited give different information
measures synchronised activity
heart anatomy
two atria
two ventricles
pacemaker cells
cardiac muscle cells
still run when grown in petri dish
SN
= sinus mode
most important pacemaker
most important pacemaker
SN
= sinus mode
AV
backup pacemaker
backup pacemaker
AV
AV function
causes delay
which makes sure that chambers are empty
makes heart more efficient
electrical activity in heart
from pacemaker to atria which squeeze out blood goes through Purkinje fibers to center of heart then to sides
P wave
SN
atria squeeze
depolarisation (?)
Q wave
ventricular polarization
R wave
biggest wave
the one we measure because it’s the easiest
muscle cells
T wave
repolarizsation of ventricles
also of atria but gets overshadowed
U wave
very small
sometimes not even observed
origin unclear
QRS complex
Q, R and S wave together
P wave origin
atria
R and T wave origin
ventricles
heart rate components
intrinsic heart rate
extrinsic chronotropic effects
intrinsic heart rate
absence of all other factors
supposedly around 100 bpm
extrinsic chronotropic effects
SNS and PNS cardiac control
heart rate equation
three unknown and one known
-> can’t solve it by ECG (i.e. heart rate) alone
two disadvantages lab psychological
stressors are not “for real”
stressors are insufficiently complex
advantage lab psychological
standardisation of type, duration and intensity of stressor
four disadvantages physiological lab
stressors are of low intensity
no systems triggered that are known to become active only above an intensity threshold
stressors are of short duration
only fast heterostatic responses
no slow allostatic counter regulatory responses
one advantages physiological lab
+ five examples
strict standardisation of factors with physiological confounding effects
like posture, physical activity, time of measurement, pre-testing behavior and environment
one disadvantage psychological ambulatory
no control over (stress) exposures
six advantages psychological ambulatory
incremental validity, no reliance on introspection
higher ecological validity
more representative
more applicable, also to other situations and populations
groups that cannot come to the lab can be studies
verification of lab research results
four disadvantages physiological ambulatory
higher risk fo signal loss
reactivity harder to define
participant nonadherence of instructions
no control over confounders (although they can be assessed with self-report)
three advantages physiological ambulatory
physiological responses to prolonged stress exposures can be measured e. g. work day vs leisure time
sleep can be measured
higher predictive validity
