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Anaesthesia > Lecture 1 Anaesthesia Principles & Pharmacology > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Anaesthesia Principles & Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What anaesthesia produces insensibility in the whole body, usually causing unconsciousness

A

General Anaesthesia

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2
Q

What anaesthesia produces insensibility in an area or region of the body

A

Regional Anaesthesia

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3
Q

What anaesthesia produces insensibility in only the relevant part of the body and is applied directly to the tissues

A

Local Anaesthesia

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4
Q

Name the main actions of general anaesthetic

A

Relaxation

Hypnosis

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5
Q

What is the effect of general anaesthetics on ion channels

A

Interfere with neural ion channels by hyper polarising neurones

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of IV general anaesthetic

A

Allosteric binding to GABA receptors

OPen chloride channels

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7
Q

What type of tissue has a high affinity for general anaesthetic

A

Fatty tissue

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8
Q

What is the Minimum Alveola Concentration (MAC)

A

Measure of potency

The concentration of the drug required in the alveoli which is required to produce anaesthesia with any particular agent

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9
Q

What does a low MAC mean

A

High potency

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10
Q

What is GA effect on the heart

A

Depress cardiovascular centre

Negative inotropic effect

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11
Q

What is GA on venous return and cardiac output

A

Decreased

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12
Q

What is GA effect on the respiratory system

A

Act as respiratory depressants
Paralyse cilia
Relax skeletal muscle

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13
Q

Why is intraoperative analgesia required

A

Prevent arousal
Hypnotic
Suppression of reflex responses to pain stimuli

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14
Q

What type of GA is Fentanyl

A

Short acting

Potent

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15
Q

What type GA is Remifentanil

A

Very highly potent

Extremely short acting

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16
Q

How does local and regional analgesia work

A

Work by blocking Na+ channels and preventing axonal action potential from propagating

17
Q

Name 3 examples of LA

A

Lignocaine
Bupivacaine
Ropivacaine

18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of local anaesthetic toxicity

A 
Circumoral and lingual numbness and tingling
Light headedness
Tinnitus
Visual disturbances
Drowsiness
CVS depression
Convulsions
Coma
Cardiorespiratory arrest
19
Q

What is a neuraxial block

A

LA is injected into CSF surrounding the cord and/or nerve roots

20
Q

Why does LA penetrate the subarachnoid space very easily

A

Only neural tissue with little to no fibrous component

21
Q

Why is it more difficult to get good penetration in the epidural space

A

The nerves in the epidural space have acquired a thick fibrous investment

Anaesthesia (5 decks)

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