Lecture 1

Question 1

when did the discipline of PH and social science emerge?

Answer 1

later part of 19th c. - recognition of the needs of marginalized groups - association between living conditions and health

Question 2

when did prof. trained social scientists become involved in PH programs?

Answer 2

mid 20th c.

Question 3

1980’s accredited schools of PH in the US were required to do what?

Answer 3

provide formal training in the social and behavioral sciences

Question 4

What did the challenge to improve health in the 21st c. involve?

Answer 4

social cultural behavioral CHANGE

Question 5

affecting individual and societal change is what?

Answer 5

difficult

Question 6

what do emerging approaches to structural change offer?

Answer 6

possibilities for higher level of global health

Question 7

19th c. social theorists called attention to unequal dist. of infectious disease. What did they see?

Answer 7

-poor and working class -crowded slums -inadequate diets

Question 8

what do social structures and change create?

Answer 8

population level health effects

Question 9

what is necessary to improve health?

Answer 9

social reform

Question 10

**WHO definition of health:

Answer 10

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmary

Question 11

**what was the Ottawa Charter for Health promotion?

Answer 11

-first international conference November 1986 -expanded agenda for health -set the stage for a broader role for social science in health -“The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health…a commitment to dealing with the challenges of reducing inequities, extending the scope of prevention, and helping people to cope with their circumstances… creating environments conductive to health in which people are better able to care for themselves.”

Question 12

shift form infectious disease to what

Answer 12

chronic disease -tied to demographic, environmental, and social changes

Question 13

what replaced germ theory?

Answer 13

emphasis on social and political environment

Question 14

**what is primary prevention?

Answer 14

focus on activities which stall the development of conditions preventing the onset of heart disease through healthy lifestyle behavior

Question 15

**what is secondary prevention?

Answer 15

the detection of disease or its precursors at an early stage in order to take action to delay full development or to keep in check regular screening for detectable conditions

Question 16

**what is tertiary prevention?

Answer 16

interventions at later stages of disease to prevent secondary complications, a and ensure best QOL treatment for HTN etc.

Question 17

what is systems thinking in PH?

Answer 17

-multi-factorial models of disease causation -complex interacting systems needed to be integrated into problem solution -multidisciplinary perspectives -whole is greater than sum of parts -network centric approached -use diverse info sources to plan for, prevent, monitor, and control disease

Question 18

what is ecology?

Answer 18

interrelationshpis between organisms and their environments refers to the nature of people’s interfaces with their physical and sociocultural surroundings

Question 19

what is environment?

Answer 19

in ecological model of behavior, environment typically means the space outside the individual

Question 20

what is behavior settings?

Answer 20

are social and physical situations in which behavior takes place.

Question 21

what is ecological approach?

Answer 21

expands responsbility for health beyond the individual to the community and environment calls for community leadership to improve health

Question 22

social ecology model of health

Answer 22

level 1 - interpersonal - knowledge, skills, behaviors level 2 - interpersonal - social networks level 3 - organizational - clubs etc. level 4 - community - geographic level 5 - society - political, law

Question 23

Stokol’s social ecological apprach to health promotion?

Answer 23

1. health is influenced by muktiple facets of physical and social environments + person attributes 2. environments are complex with many dimensions 3. people in environments can be described at varying levels of groups 4. there are multi level of feedback across different levels of environments and groups of people

Question 24

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