Lecture 1 Flashcards
when did the discipline of PH and social science emerge?
later part of 19th c. - recognition of the needs of marginalized groups - association between living conditions and health
when did prof. trained social scientists become involved in PH programs?
mid 20th c.
1980’s accredited schools of PH in the US were required to do what?
provide formal training in the social and behavioral sciences
What did the challenge to improve health in the 21st c. involve?
social cultural behavioral CHANGE
affecting individual and societal change is what?
difficult
what do emerging approaches to structural change offer?
possibilities for higher level of global health
19th c. social theorists called attention to unequal dist. of infectious disease. What did they see?
-poor and working class -crowded slums -inadequate diets
what do social structures and change create?
population level health effects
what is necessary to improve health?
social reform
**WHO definition of health:
a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmary
**what was the Ottawa Charter for Health promotion?
-first international conference November 1986 -expanded agenda for health -set the stage for a broader role for social science in health -“The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health…a commitment to dealing with the challenges of reducing inequities, extending the scope of prevention, and helping people to cope with their circumstances… creating environments conductive to health in which people are better able to care for themselves.”
shift form infectious disease to what
chronic disease -tied to demographic, environmental, and social changes
what replaced germ theory?
emphasis on social and political environment
**what is primary prevention?
focus on activities which stall the development of conditions preventing the onset of heart disease through healthy lifestyle behavior
**what is secondary prevention?
the detection of disease or its precursors at an early stage in order to take action to delay full development or to keep in check regular screening for detectable conditions
**what is tertiary prevention?
interventions at later stages of disease to prevent secondary complications, a and ensure best QOL treatment for HTN etc.
what is systems thinking in PH?
-multi-factorial models of disease causation -complex interacting systems needed to be integrated into problem solution -multidisciplinary perspectives -whole is greater than sum of parts -network centric approached -use diverse info sources to plan for, prevent, monitor, and control disease
what is ecology?
interrelationshpis between organisms and their environments refers to the nature of people’s interfaces with their physical and sociocultural surroundings
what is environment?
in ecological model of behavior, environment typically means the space outside the individual
what is behavior settings?
are social and physical situations in which behavior takes place.
what is ecological approach?
expands responsbility for health beyond the individual to the community and environment calls for community leadership to improve health
social ecology model of health
level 1 - interpersonal - knowledge, skills, behaviors level 2 - interpersonal - social networks level 3 - organizational - clubs etc. level 4 - community - geographic level 5 - society - political, law
Stokol’s social ecological apprach to health promotion?
- health is influenced by muktiple facets of physical and social environments + person attributes 2. environments are complex with many dimensions 3. people in environments can be described at varying levels of groups 4. there are multi level of feedback across different levels of environments and groups of people
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