Lecture 1

Question 1

What is sex?

Answer 1

Refers to biological differences between males and females. Refers to physical aspects of being male or female (chromosomes, internal/external genitalia)

Question 2

What is gender?

Answer 2

Refers to socially and culturally produced ideas about differences between men and women.

Question 3

What are sex differences based off of?

Answer 3

Our biological past. Look at how biological differences influence the sexes

Question 4

What are gender differences based off of?

Answer 4

Rooted in societal differences and how these are applied to men and women. Also looks at how society constructs differences

Question 5

What does it mean that gender is on a spectrum?

Answer 5

Gender is not limited to 2 possibilities: Masculine and feminine.

Question 6

How are gender and sex related? (3 points)

Answer 6

1) When you are born, you are assigned a sex
2) After that, you are expected to behave according to a specific gender role. Sex at birth = gender
3) What constitutes masculine and feminine traits entirely depends on the society/culture you live in.

Question 7

What is gender identity?

Answer 7

Reflects a person subjective felt experience of being masculine, feminine, or ambivalent.

Question 8

What is sexual identity?

Answer 8

Who you are attracted to

Question 9

What are gender stereotypes?

Answer 9

Societies expectations, beliefs, and attitudes about activities and behaviours that are appropriate for men and women.

Question 10

What percentage of boys reach out for mental health help?

Answer 10

Less than 50%

Question 11

How many boys die by suicide per day?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What are 3 consequences of gender stereotypes?

Answer 12

1) Consequences for how we think we should look
2) Behavioural consequences
3) Consequences for how we spend our money

Question 13

How does the film the Illusionist demonstrate how gender stereotypes have consequences on how we should look?

Answer 13

Demonstrates how corporations and mass media are making money off of peoples insecurities and poor body image. Happiness and security doesn’t make a good consumer. Westernized beauty is becoming more globalized

Question 14

How can gender stereotypes have behavioural consequences?

Answer 14

Men are less likely to recycle for fear of being seen as feminine. If eco-friendly behaviour is feminine, then men won’t do it

Question 15

How can gender stereotypes have consequences for how we spend our money?

Answer 15

Rise of pointlessly gendered products: Products where there is a masculine and a feminine version (without a need for it)

Question 16

How does the WHO define how we determine the traits to assign to a sex?

Answer 16

“Sex refers to the biological characteristics that define a human as female or male. While these sets of biological characteristics are not mutually exclusive, as there are individuals who possess both, they tend to differentiate humans as male or female

Question 17

What are the sex/biological categories and what are the gender categories?

Answer 17

Sex/Biological: Male and female

Gender: Masculine and feminine

Question 18

What is effeminacy?

Answer 18

Manifestation of traits in a man often associated with femininity.

Question 19

What is the gender differences hypothesis?

Answer 19

Men and women are more different than similar

Question 20

What is the gender similarities hypothesis?

Answer 20

Men and women are more similar than they are different

Question 21

What does the gender differences hypothesis lead to?

Answer 21

Essentialism

Question 22

What is essentialism?

Answer 22

Notion that all women (as a group) and all men (as a group) share certain universal experiences because of their biology. What it means to be a man/woman is fixed by nature. “Anatomy is destiny” (Freud)

Question 23

Which hypothesis better describes the world we live in?

Answer 23

Gender similarities

Question 24

What is gender polarization?

Answer 24

Idea that genders are polar opposites and have no overlap

Question 25

What are gender displays?

Answer 25

Conventionalized portrayals of gender based on narrow stereotypes.

Question 26

What does Erving Goffman argue for in the movie?

Answer 26

That we learn the roles that are expected of us and then send them out to others. Gender displays are promoted and maintained by the media.