Lecture #1 Flashcards
What is cell division?
The process by which cells make more cells
What are the two ways in which cell division occurs?
Mitosis and Meiosis
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes:
Genome large and linear
DNA in nucleus
Prokaryotes:
Genome small and circular
DNA in cytoplasm
What happens during G1 phase?
growth, cellular metabolism, and protein synthesis and regulation
What happens during S phase?
DNA replication
What happens during G2 phase?
preparation for mitosis by cell size increase
What happens during M phase?
Chromosomal seperation (mitosis) and cytokinesis
What is interphase?
The time between cycles of mitosis
What is a ploidy?
A complete set of chromosomes
What is a haploid and give an example?
A cell with one complete set of chromosomes ex: sex cells
What is a diploid and give an example?
A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes ex: somatic cells
True or False: As the amount of DNA doubles during DNA replication, so does the ploidy level.
False: the ploidy level does not change
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes condense
Centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles
Mitotic spindles form
What happens during prometaphase?
Microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes
What are kinetochores?
Located on either side of the centromere, form an attachment to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes align in the center of the cell
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids (which become individual chromosomes when the centromere splits) separate and travel to opposite poles
What happens during telophase?
nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense
What is the difference between cytokinesis in plants and animals?
Cytokinesis in animals create ring forms to spilt the cell while cytokinesis in plants forms a cell wall
What is the order of events of mitosis?
Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
How do bacteria cells divide?
binary fission