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BIO 1090 > Lecture #1 > Flashcards

Lecture #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cell division?

A

The process by which cells make more cells

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2
Q

What are the two ways in which cell division occurs?

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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3
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes:
Genome large and linear
DNA in nucleus

Prokaryotes:
Genome small and circular
DNA in cytoplasm

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4
Q

What happens during G1 phase?

A

growth, cellular metabolism, and protein synthesis and regulation

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5
Q

What happens during S phase?

A

DNA replication

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6
Q

What happens during G2 phase?

A

preparation for mitosis by cell size increase

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7
Q

What happens during M phase?

A

Chromosomal seperation (mitosis) and cytokinesis

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8
Q

What is interphase?

A

The time between cycles of mitosis

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9
Q

What is a ploidy?

A

A complete set of chromosomes

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10
Q

What is a haploid and give an example?

A

A cell with one complete set of chromosomes ex: sex cells

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11
Q

What is a diploid and give an example?

A

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes ex: somatic cells

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12
Q

True or False: As the amount of DNA doubles during DNA replication, so does the ploidy level.

A

False: the ploidy level does not change

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13
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense
Centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles
Mitotic spindles form

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14
Q

What happens during prometaphase?

A

Microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes

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15
Q

What are kinetochores?

A

Located on either side of the centromere, form an attachment to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle

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16
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align in the center of the cell

17
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids (which become individual chromosomes when the centromere splits) separate and travel to opposite poles

18
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense

19
Q

What is the difference between cytokinesis in plants and animals?

A

Cytokinesis in animals create ring forms to spilt the cell while cytokinesis in plants forms a cell wall

20
Q

What is the order of events of mitosis?

A

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

21
Q

How do bacteria cells divide?

A

binary fission

BIO 1090 (12 decks)

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