lecture 1 Flashcards
Luigi galvani
role of electtricity in nerves was observed in frog muscle
- proposed theory of animal electricity
allesandro volta
electrical current is generated by contact b/w diff metals
camillo golgi
visualized neurons by using silver stain
Cajal
hypothesized that functional unit of brain is the neuron
- realized that neurons must be decoded
encoder
ex morse code –> alphabet to code
- must be able to infer from beeps what the alphabet is
in body: action potentials go to brain
decoder
what happens once it gets to the brain
- slightly more abstract and philisophical
redox reactions
- produce potential differences
- creates flow of electtrons which creates potentials
one side has high/low electron affinity
Na and K ATPase ionic gradient
no metals in the body but different ways to create differences across membranes
ex. differences in concentrations creates potential difference gradient of 2 ions (Na/K)
k equilibrium potential
must have permeability to create potential
- when channels introduced, K goes from high to low
1- concentration gradient pushes K out
2. electrostatic force pushes it back in
equilibrium potnetnial
2 forces working against each other
when forces are equal to eachother it is at equilibrium
equation for work to move ion in electric field
W= zF*V
z- valence (mass)
F - faraday constant (g)
V- voltage (height)
equation for work required to change concentration
Wc= RT ln (X2)/(X1)
- Nerst equation
- sum is 0 at equilibrium
- can predict what membrane potential will be for a certain ion
Nerst at 37C
61.5log (Xo/Xi)
flow of K
K flows in the direction that would drive Vm towards Ek
- wants to be at equilibrium
driving force
Vm-Equilibrium of ion
