Lecture 1 Flashcards
7 Constructs used to measure individual differences
1) temperament
2) personality
3) character
4) creativity
5) Emotional intelligence
6) intelligence
7) mental abilities
5 Approaches to Personality
1) Psychodynamic
2) Humanistic
3) Trait
4) Behavioural/Social Learning
5) Cognitive
Characteristics of Psychodynamic approach to personality (2)
1) Freud
2) Explains behaviour in terms of intrapsychic processes
Characteristics of Humanistic approach to personality (2)
1) Maslow and Maslow
2) Considers personal responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance as the key causes of differences in behaviour
Characteristics of Trait approach to personality (1)
Involves identifying where a person might lie along various personality continua
Characteristics of Behaviour/Social Learning Approach
Explains consistent behaviour patterns in terms of conditioning and expectations
Characteristics of cognitive approach (2)
1) Kelly- personal constructs
2) Looks at differences in the ways people process information
Cooper’s 3 reasons for why intelligence is a dirty word
1) Might not exist
2) Associated with knowledge acquisition
3) Value laden (political correctness)
2 Approaches to Intelligence & Ability
1) Factor analytic approach
2) Alternative approaches
What is the factor analytic approach (3)
1) g, general intelligence
2) Primary mental abilities
3) Hierarchical models
Alternative approaches (2)
1) Triarchic theory
2) Multiple intelligences
Who developed triarchic theory
Robert Sternberg
Who developed multiple intelligences theory
Howard Gardner
3 Strengths to Freud’s theory
1) Enormous impact historically
2) First system of therapy
3) Many ideas live on (defense mechanisms, unconscious, Freudian slips)
4 Limitations to Freud’s theory
1) difficult to test
2) overemphasis on sexuality
3) Derived from limited population
4) emphasis on negative
