Lecture 1

Question 1

What did the ancient cultures believe was responsible for thought and emotion?

Answer 1

THE HEART

-believed the beating of the heart underlies thoughts and emotions

Question 2

What did the Hippocrates believe?

What did the Aristotle believe?

Answer 2

1. BRAIN important

2. HEART important

Question 3

What did Galen do?

Answer 3

Reported behavioural changes associated with brain injury

Question 4

What is phrenology

Answer 4

Looking at the shape of the cranium to localise brain functioning to a behaviour

Question 5

Muller

Answer 5

Advocated experiments over observations

•Doctrine of specific nerve energies: brain uses same signals to communicate, where they occur is important.

Question 6

Flourens

Answer 6

Experimental ablation= took took animals and exposed to electrical activity that damaged parts of their brain, look at behaviors they are no longer able to perform

Question 7

Broca

Answer 7

Neuropsychological case studies: look at people who had suffered strokes and looked at where the brain lesions had occurred. Able to localise functioning to certain areas of the brain

Question 8

What do biological explanations suggest?

Answer 8

That everything you do is because of neural activity in your brain

Question 9

What do mind explanations suggest?

Answer 9

That we make decisions because of conscious thought processes

Question 10

What is the mind-body problem?

Answer 10

=explaining how mental states are related to physical events

Question 11

What is monism?

Answer 11

The belief that the universe only consists of one type of substance-either brain or mind

Question 12

Materialism

Answer 12

everything exits is material/physical (only brain exists)

Question 13

Mentalism

Answer 13

only mind really exits and the physical world could not exists unless ur mind were aware of it

Question 14

Identity position

Answer 14

the view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in different terms

Question 15

What is the PNS and what is it responsible for?

Answer 15

Peripheral nervous system

• contains all the nerves that lie outside of the central nervous system (CNS).
• Primary role of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the organs, limbs, and skin.

Question 16

Ventricles of the brain

Answer 16

communicating network of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 17

Cerebral cortex

Answer 17

• Right and left hemisphere
• Separated by the medial longitudinal fissure
• Connected by the corpus callosum
• It is not the case that the right is more creative and the left more logical

Question 18

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 18

• Occipital: vision
• Temporal: auditory, semantic memory, face processing
• Parietal:Somatosensory
• Frontal: motor, higher level cognition

Question 19

What info do the 3 regions of the cerebral cortex receive?

Answer 19

1.Primaryvisual cortex 
•Receives visual information
2.Primaryauditory cortex 
•Receives auditory information 
3.Primarysomatosensory cortex
•Receives sensory information  
•Information passed from primary sensory region to association cortices

Question 20

Basal ganglia order

Answer 20

Cortex->Caudate nucleus->Putamen and globus pallidus->Thalamus->Motor cortex

Question 21

Basal ganglia functions

Answer 21

• learning skills and habits
• movement
• Parkinsons, Huntingtons and cerebral palsy

Question 22

What does the Thalamus do?

Answer 22

1. Relays sensory information
2. Relays info between cortical areas
3. Relays info from forebrain and brainstem cortex

Question 23

What does the Cerebellum do?

Answer 23

• Helps maintain bodies equilibrium
• postural reflexes and co-ordination of functionally related muscles
• controls skilled movements