Lecture 1 Flashcards
What did the ancient cultures believe was responsible for thought and emotion?
THE HEART
-believed the beating of the heart underlies thoughts and emotions
What did the Hippocrates believe?
What did the Aristotle believe?
- BRAIN important
2. HEART important
What did Galen do?
Reported behavioural changes associated with brain injury
What is phrenology
Looking at the shape of the cranium to localise brain functioning to a behaviour
Muller
Advocated experiments over observations
•Doctrine of specific nerve energies: brain uses same signals to communicate, where they occur is important.
Flourens
Experimental ablation= took took animals and exposed to electrical activity that damaged parts of their brain, look at behaviors they are no longer able to perform
Broca
Neuropsychological case studies: look at people who had suffered strokes and looked at where the brain lesions had occurred. Able to localise functioning to certain areas of the brain
What do biological explanations suggest?
That everything you do is because of neural activity in your brain
What do mind explanations suggest?
That we make decisions because of conscious thought processes
What is the mind-body problem?
=explaining how mental states are related to physical events
What is monism?
The belief that the universe only consists of one type of substance-either brain or mind
Materialism
everything exits is material/physical (only brain exists)
Mentalism
only mind really exits and the physical world could not exists unless ur mind were aware of it
Identity position
the view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in different terms
What is the PNS and what is it responsible for?
Peripheral nervous system
- contains all the nerves that lie outside of the central nervous system (CNS).
- Primary role of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the organs, limbs, and skin.
Ventricles of the brain
communicating network of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Cerebral cortex
- Right and left hemisphere
- Separated by the medial longitudinal fissure
- Connected by the corpus callosum
- It is not the case that the right is more creative and the left more logical
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?
- Occipital: vision
- Temporal: auditory, semantic memory, face processing
- Parietal:Somatosensory
- Frontal: motor, higher level cognition
What info do the 3 regions of the cerebral cortex receive?
1.Primaryvisual cortex •Receives visual information 2.Primaryauditory cortex •Receives auditory information 3.Primarysomatosensory cortex •Receives sensory information •Information passed from primary sensory region to association cortices
Basal ganglia order
Cortex->Caudate nucleus->Putamen and globus pallidus->Thalamus->Motor cortex
Basal ganglia functions
- learning skills and habits
- movement
- Parkinsons, Huntingtons and cerebral palsy
What does the Thalamus do?
- Relays sensory information
- Relays info between cortical areas
- Relays info from forebrain and brainstem cortex
What does the Cerebellum do?
- Helps maintain bodies equilibrium
- postural reflexes and co-ordination of functionally related muscles
- controls skilled movements
