lecture 1

Question 1

definition of the immune system

Answer 1

organised system of organs (eg. spleen), cells (e.g T cells) and molecules (e.g antibodies) that interact together to defend the body against disease e.g pathogenic microorganisms and cancer

Question 2

what is immunology

Answer 2

study of organisms defense system (immune system) in health and disease

Question 3

two arms of the immune system

Answer 3

innate and adaptive

Question 4

examples of diseases affected by immune response

- infectious diseases

Answer 4

HIV/AIDS
Tuberculosis
Influenza
Malaria

Question 5

examples of diseases affected by immune response

- inflammatory diseases

Answer 5

arthritis/rheumatism
allergy/asthma
lupus
diabetes
crohn's diseases/inflammatory bowel disease
multiple sclerosis

Question 6

example of diseases immune disease affected by immune response

Answer 6

Cancer

Question 7

vaccination

Answer 7

innoculation with an innoculous biological agent

Question 8

where are immune cells

Answer 8

in every cell: circulatory blood, muscle, digestive, bone remodelling repair, nervous sytem MS

Question 9

primary lymphoid organs function

Answer 9

production of white blood cells lymphocytes

Question 10

secondary lymphoid organs function

Answer 10

sites where immune responses are initiated

Question 11

primary lymphoid organs examples

Answer 11

thymus, bone marrow

Question 12

secondary lymphoid organs examples

Answer 12

lymph nodes, spleen

Question 13

function of thymus 1 primary

Answer 13

school for WBCs T cells
developing T cells learn not to react with self
only 10% “graduate”

Question 14

function of bone marrow 1 primary

Answer 14

source of stem cells that develop into cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses
transplant bone marrow: “reseed immune system”

Question 15

function of lymph nodes 2 secondary

Answer 15

located along lymphatic vessels
lymph fluid from blood and tissue is filtered
site of initiation of immune responses activation

Question 16

function of spleen 2 secondary

Answer 16

site of initiation for immune responses against blood-bourne pathogens- filter blood
Disease responses in the blood

Question 17

3 layers of the immune defense

Answer 17

physical and chemical barrier: skin mucosal membranes
arm 1: innate immune system arm rapid, non-specific, fixed
arm 2: adaptive immune system arm- slower, highly specific, adaptive (e.g B cells bind more tightly) -identifies pathogen and strain

Question 18

innate immunity 5 characteristics

Answer 18

1 already in place
2 rapid (hours)
3 fixed (doesn’t change response)
4 limited specificities- detects pathogens shared molecular components
5 no memory (trained immunity)- may have short term

Question 19

adaptive immunity 5 characteristics

Answer 19

1 improves during the response
2 slow (days/weeks)
3 variable response
4 highly specific all different receptors
5 has long-term memory immunity

Question 20

cross talk between innate and adaptive arms

Answer 20

innate: phagocytes, complement, natural killer cells
adaptive: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes
INTERACT COMMUNICATE

Question 21

why are diarrhea and vomiting useful defences against infection

Answer 21

expose dispose of bacteria from the body