Lecture 1

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid; cellular (nuclear) material inherited from parents to offspring, carried in all living organisms; main constituent of chromosomes; carrier of genetic info; consisting of nucleotides (A,T,C,G) arranged in double strand, in helix conformation

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Condensed form of DNA arranged around histones and nucleosomes

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Fundamental unit of heredity; sequence of nucleotides encoding for a specific trait

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

Alternative forms of a gene

Question 5

Dominant ______

Answer 5

Where the phenotype is determined by the allele irrespective of the second allele; the phenotype seen in the F1 generation after crossing two opposing homozygotes

Question 6

Recessive _________

Answer 6

Where the allele has no effect on the phenotype in the presence of the dominant allele; where the phenotype is only seen when two of the same alleles co-occur; more rare in the population, but more frequent in inbred populations

Question 7

Homozygote

Answer 7

When an individual has two identical alleles of a particular trait; frequent in inbred populations

Question 8

Heterozygote

Answer 8

When an individual has two different alleles of a particular trait; contributes more to variation

Question 9

Hemizygote

Answer 9

When the phenotype is determined by a single allele because of the absence of the second allele in a diploid organism (absence of the second X chromosome in males)

Question 10

Mendelian Inheritance

Answer 10

When the alleles contributing to a trait segregates in a predictable manner according to expectations from a single locus (as postulated by Gregor Mendel)

Question 11

Haplotype

Answer 11

A set of genetic determinants (alleles) located on a single chromosome, inherited from a single parent

Question 12

Haplogroup

Answer 12

A set of genetic markers inherited as a unit, from one parent, shared by descendants of the same ancestor (haplotypes inherited from the same ancestor)