Lecture 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Scientific Methods
A
- determines what can be studied by science and how it should be studied
1. observation
2. hypothesis
3. experiment/observation
4. conclusion
5. scientific theory
2
Q
Observation
A
- new observations are made, and previous data are studied
3
Q
Hypothesis
A
- input from various sources is used to formulate a testable statement
4
Q
Experiment/Observations
A
- the hypothesis is tested by experiment or further observations
5
Q
Conclusion
A
- the results are analyzed, and the hypothesis is supported or rejected
6
Q
Scientific Theory
A
- many experiments and observations support a theory
7
Q
Controlled Variables
A
- ideally, do not change
- common to all treatments
8
Q
Independent Variable
A
- what are you altering in the experiment
9
Q
Dependent Variable
A
- what you are observing in the experiment, it should respond to changes in the independent variable
10
Q
Controls
A
- can validate experimental procedures
- positive and negative
11
Q
Positive Controls
A
- an experimental treatment which will give the desired result
12
Q
Negative Controls
A
- an experimental treatment which will NOT give the desired resuolt
13
Q
False Positive
A
- detected by negative control
14
Q
False Negative
A
- detected by positive control
15
Q
Additional Concerns of Research
A
- experimenter or subject bias?
- adequate notes?
- reproducible?
- is it qualitative or quantitative?
- is a result statistically significant?
- can you rule out correlation from causation?
