Lecture 1

Question 1

Are cells constantly moving?

Answer 1

yes they always are

Question 2

Who invented the microscope?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

What did Robert Hooke look at?

Answer 3

He looked at thin slices of cork

Question 4

Who came up with the term “cells”?

Answer 4

Robert Hooke

Question 5

Who was the first person to look at bacteria from peoples teeth scrapings and sperm? What term did he use to describe the living organisms?

Answer 5

Leeuwenhoek was the first person. He called them Animicules.

Question 6

What is cell theory?

Answer 6

That all organisms are conposed of 1 or more cells, the cell is the structural unit of life, and cells arrive from the division of preexisting cells.

Question 7

What is a TEM? What does it do?

Answer 7

Transmission electron microscope. It penetrates a beam of electrons through a specimen to show organelles

Question 8

What is an SEM? What does it do?

Answer 8

Scanning electron microscope. It scans the surface of a specimen to get a 3 dimensional image

Question 9

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 9

They have no nucleus, all DNA is open, no compartmentalization, they live places other cells cant and are very small

Question 10

What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

They have a nucleus, they are compartmentalized and they have organelles which allows for specialization.

Question 11

Could we see a human egg cell with the naked eye?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Why are cells so tiny?

Answer 12

Because of the surface area to volume ratio.

Question 13

What do we call the two nuclear membranes when talking about both at the same time?

Answer 13

Nuclear envelope

Question 14

What is the nuclear Lamina?

Answer 14

It is a mesh that is in the nuclear membrane to give the nucleus its shape.

Question 15

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 15

It makes ribosomes.

Question 16

What are ribosomes made of and what is their function?

Answer 16

They are made of rRNA and proteins. Their job is to make new proteins by using translation.

Question 17

What is translation?

Answer 17

DNA>RNA>Protein

Question 18

The ribosomes found in the nucleus make proteins for organelles in the cell. True or False. If false, why?

Answer 18

FALSE. The ribosomes in the nucleus make proteins for in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes from the ER make proteins for organelles in the cell as well as proteins that will exit the cell or be embedded in the membrane.

Question 19

What are the 3 functions of the SES?

Answer 19

It makes phospholipids, steroids, and fats. It adds OH to toxins to help them exit the body more quickly. It stores calcium ions.

Question 20

What is the function of the RER? Where do they go after that?

Answer 20

To make proteins. They are then put into transport vessicles and sent to the Golgi.

Question 21

What is the function of the Golgi?

Answer 21

Modify proteins

Question 22

How many compartments are usually in the Golgi?

Answer 22

7

Question 23

What are the Golgi compartments closest to the ER called?

Answer 23

Cis faced

Question 24

What are the Golgi compartments farthest from the ER called?

Answer 24

Trans faced

Question 25

What is the Cisternal Maturation Model?

Answer 25

It is how when proteins are moving into the Golgi, the vessicles they are in will fuse together to become the new compartment 1. This pushes all the other compartments down one. The 7th breaks apart into vessicles and disappears.