Lecture 1 Flashcards
Are cells constantly moving?
yes they always are
Who invented the microscope?
Robert Hooke
What did Robert Hooke look at?
He looked at thin slices of cork
Who came up with the term “cells”?
Robert Hooke
Who was the first person to look at bacteria from peoples teeth scrapings and sperm? What term did he use to describe the living organisms?
Leeuwenhoek was the first person. He called them Animicules.
What is cell theory?
That all organisms are conposed of 1 or more cells, the cell is the structural unit of life, and cells arrive from the division of preexisting cells.
What is a TEM? What does it do?
Transmission electron microscope. It penetrates a beam of electrons through a specimen to show organelles
What is an SEM? What does it do?
Scanning electron microscope. It scans the surface of a specimen to get a 3 dimensional image
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
They have no nucleus, all DNA is open, no compartmentalization, they live places other cells cant and are very small
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
They have a nucleus, they are compartmentalized and they have organelles which allows for specialization.
Could we see a human egg cell with the naked eye?
yes
Why are cells so tiny?
Because of the surface area to volume ratio.
What do we call the two nuclear membranes when talking about both at the same time?
Nuclear envelope
What is the nuclear Lamina?
It is a mesh that is in the nuclear membrane to give the nucleus its shape.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
It makes ribosomes.
What are ribosomes made of and what is their function?
They are made of rRNA and proteins. Their job is to make new proteins by using translation.
What is translation?
DNA>RNA>Protein
The ribosomes found in the nucleus make proteins for organelles in the cell. True or False. If false, why?
FALSE. The ribosomes in the nucleus make proteins for in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes from the ER make proteins for organelles in the cell as well as proteins that will exit the cell or be embedded in the membrane.
What are the 3 functions of the SES?
It makes phospholipids, steroids, and fats. It adds OH to toxins to help them exit the body more quickly. It stores calcium ions.
What is the function of the RER? Where do they go after that?
To make proteins. They are then put into transport vessicles and sent to the Golgi.
What is the function of the Golgi?
Modify proteins
How many compartments are usually in the Golgi?
7
What are the Golgi compartments closest to the ER called?
Cis faced
What are the Golgi compartments farthest from the ER called?
Trans faced
What is the Cisternal Maturation Model?
It is how when proteins are moving into the Golgi, the vessicles they are in will fuse together to become the new compartment 1. This pushes all the other compartments down one. The 7th breaks apart into vessicles and disappears.
