Lecture 1

Question 1

Describe the function/morphology of neutrophils

Answer 1

Morphology- adults have segmented nuclei with clear cytoplasm

Function- innate immune system; first responder (usually against bacteria)

Most numerous WBC in circulation in most species

Question 2

How do neutrophils kill?

Answer 2

Via phagocytosis, degranulation, and use of neutrophil extracellular traps

Also has the enzyme myeloperoxidase which convertys Cl and H2O2 to bleach!

Question 3

Describe lymphocyte morphology

Answer 3

Small lymphocyte- dark blue nuclei, scant cytoplasm, slightly bigger than RBC
Intermediate lymphocyte- a little more cytoplasm visible, about 2x the size of RBC
Reactive lymphocyte- large with blue/gray cytoplasm
Granular lymphocytes- magenta granules in cytoplasm

**lymphocytes in blood are either T cells or NK cells

Question 4

In what species are lymphocytes the predominant WBC?

Answer 4

Ruminants, pigs, rodents, certain reptiles/birds

Question 5

Lymphocyte function

Answer 5

Part of immune system
Innate- NK cells
Adaptive- T cells (blood) and B cells (lymph nodes)

Question 6

Monocyte morphology

Answer 6

Larger than neutrophils
Vacuolated cytoplasm
Nucleus can be many different shapes
Cytoplasm may be more blue than neutrophils

Question 7

Monocyte function

Answer 7

Migrate to tissues to become macrophages

Phagocytosis (less effective with bacteria)
Presents antigens to T lymphocytes
Immune modulation/cytokine production
Scavengers/wound healing

Question 8

Eosinophils morphology

Answer 8

Vary among species

Canine- small amount of pink granulocytes/ variable
Feline- rod shaped granulocytes
Equine- distinctive and large granules
Bovine- small and densely packed granules

Question 9

Eosinophil function

Answer 9

Usually found in GI, respiratory and urogenital mucosa along with skin
Release major basic protein which is very damaging
Attack parasites with a tissue migration phase

Question 10

What’s NAACP

Answer 10

Differential for eosinophils
N- neoplasia
A- allergy/hypersensitivity
A- Addison's
C- collagen or other weird diseases
P- parasites with tissue migration phases

Question 11

Basophil morphology and function

Answer 11

Most uncommon cell type
Canine- low number of dark granules
Feline- several pale granules
Large animals- variable number of dark granules

No one knows function, but increases with basophils

Question 12

Abnormal cells that may be present in the blood but shouldnt be

Answer 12

Increased NRBCs
Increased immature granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
Mast cells
Blasts
Megakaryocytes
Metastatic cells

Question 13

Blast cells

Answer 13

Large immature cells with nucleoli