Lecture 1

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

Unicellular organism relatively simple cell structure

Question 2

Eukaryote

Answer 2

Compartmentalized cell structure bounded by intracellular membranes, uni or multicellular

Question 3

Eubacteria

Answer 3

True bacteria

Question 4

Archaea

Answer 4

Ancient bacteria

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Separates DNA from other cellular components

Question 6

Histones

Answer 6

Special class of proteins that form tightly packed chromosomes

Question 7

Viruses

Answer 7

NOT A CELL

IT

IS

NOT ALIVE

Question 8

**Homolugous Pair **

Answer 8

A pair of genes that code for the same trait

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

Carry two sets of genetic information

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

Single set of chromosomes

Question 11

Telomers

Answer 11

Natural ends/tips of a linear chromosome

Question 12

Origin of Replication

Answer 12

Sites where DNA replication

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

Period between cell divisions, DNA is synthesized includes several checkpoins

Question 14

**M phase **

Answer 14

Mitosis

Question 15

Prophase

Answer 15

Chromosomes become visible, chromosomes condense, mitotic spindle forms

Question 16

Prometaphase

Answer 16

Nuclear membrane disintefrates, spindle microtubules attach to chromatids

Question 17

Telophase

Answer 17

Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles. Nuclear membrane re-forms, chromosomes relax

Question 18

Anaphase

Answer 18

Sister Chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles

Question 19

Metaphase

Answer 19

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

Sexual Reproduction, cuts chromosome # in half

Question 21

**Fertilization **

Answer 21

Two haploid gametes fuse and restore chromosome number to its original diploid value

Question 22

**Prophase I **

Answer 22

Divided into 5 stages:

• Leptotene - Chromosomes contract and become visible
• Synapsis-Close pairing asociation
• bivant/tetrad - homologouse pair of chromosomes consisting of 4 chromatids
• Pachytene- chromosomes shorter and thicker, forms three part synaptohemal complex between homologous chromosomes
• Diplotine
• Diakinesis

Question 23

Crossing Over

Answer 23

Takes place in prophase I (diakenisis) at the chrosmata

Question 24

Chiasmata

Answer 24

Where two sister chromatids connect to exchange fenetic information

Question 25

**Metaphase I**

Answer 25

Homologous pairs of chromosomes align along metaphase plate

Question 26

**Anaphase I**

Answer 26

Two chromosomes of each homologous pair separate and move towards opposite poles

Question 27

Telophase I

Answer 27

Chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles

Question 28

**Cytokinesis**

Answer 28

Cytoplasm divides to produce two cells, half # of chromosomes

Question 29

**Interkinase**

Answer 29

-in some cells, spindle breaks down, chromosomes relax, nuclear envelope reforms

Question 30

**Prophase II**

Answer 30

Chromosomes recondence (if relaxed) spindle forms, nuclear envelope redissolved (if formed)

Question 31

**Metaphase II**

Answer 31

Individual chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

Question 32

**Anaphase II**

Answer 32

Sister Chromatids separate, move as individual chromosomes towards spindle poles

Question 33

**Telophase II**

Answer 33

Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles spindle breaks down nuclear envelope forms

Question 34

**Cytokinesis **

Answer 34

Cytoplasm divides

Question 35

**Recombination **

Answer 35

Occurs during crossing over, genes are exchanged

Question 36

**Cohesin**

Answer 36

Protein holds the chromatids together