Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryote

A

Unicellular organism relatively simple cell structure

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2
Q

Eukaryote

A

Compartmentalized cell structure bounded by intracellular membranes, uni or multicellular

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3
Q

Eubacteria

A

True bacteria

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4
Q

Archaea

A

Ancient bacteria

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Separates DNA from other cellular components

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6
Q

Histones

A

Special class of proteins that form tightly packed chromosomes

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7
Q

Viruses

A

NOT A CELL

IT

IS

NOT ALIVE

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8
Q

**Homolugous Pair **

A

A pair of genes that code for the same trait

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9
Q

Diploid

A

Carry two sets of genetic information

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10
Q

Haploid

A

Single set of chromosomes

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11
Q

Telomers

A

Natural ends/tips of a linear chromosome

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12
Q

Origin of Replication

A

Sites where DNA replication

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13
Q

Interphase

A

Period between cell divisions, DNA is synthesized includes several checkpoins

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14
Q

**M phase **

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes become visible, chromosomes condense, mitotic spindle forms

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16
Q

Prometaphase

A

Nuclear membrane disintefrates, spindle microtubules attach to chromatids

17
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles. Nuclear membrane re-forms, chromosomes relax

18
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister Chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles

19
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

20
Q

Meiosis

A

Sexual Reproduction, cuts chromosome # in half

21
Q

**Fertilization **

A

Two haploid gametes fuse and restore chromosome number to its original diploid value

22
Q

**Prophase I **

A

Divided into 5 stages:

  • Leptotene - Chromosomes contract and become visible
  • Synapsis-Close pairing asociation
  • bivant/tetrad - homologouse pair of chromosomes consisting of 4 chromatids
  • Pachytene- chromosomes shorter and thicker, forms three part synaptohemal complex between homologous chromosomes
  • Diplotine
  • Diakinesis
23
Q

Crossing Over

A

Takes place in prophase I (diakenisis) at the chrosmata

24
Q

Chiasmata

A

Where two sister chromatids connect to exchange fenetic information

25
Q

Metaphase I

A

Homologous pairs of chromosomes align along metaphase plate

26
Q

Anaphase I

A

Two chromosomes of each homologous pair separate and move towards opposite poles

27
Q

Telophase I

A

Chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles

28
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasm divides to produce two cells, half # of chromosomes

29
Q

Interkinase

A

-in some cells, spindle breaks down, chromosomes relax, nuclear envelope reforms

30
Q

Prophase II

A

Chromosomes recondence (if relaxed) spindle forms, nuclear envelope redissolved (if formed)

31
Q

Metaphase II

A

Individual chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

32
Q

Anaphase II

A

Sister Chromatids separate, move as individual chromosomes towards spindle poles

33
Q

Telophase II

A

Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles spindle breaks down nuclear envelope forms

34
Q

**Cytokinesis **

A

Cytoplasm divides

35
Q

**Recombination **

A

Occurs during crossing over, genes are exchanged

36
Q

Cohesin

A

Protein holds the chromatids together

37
Q
A