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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

The study of body functions

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2
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing upright, facing observer at head level, eyes facing forward, feet flat on floor, arms at side with Palma facing forward.

Important for describing location and relationship of organs/body parts

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3
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Towards head

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4
Q

Inferior

A

Away from head

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5
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

At back of body

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6
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

At front of body

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7
Q

Medial

A

Near the midline of the body

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the midline of the body

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9
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the attachment of the limb to trunk (or closer to the start of a structure)

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10
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the attachment of limb to trunk (farther from the start of a structure)

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11
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to surface

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12
Q

Deep

A

Farther from surface

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13
Q

Axial region

A

Head, neck, trunk

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14
Q

Appendicular

A

Limbs

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15
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary flat surface that passes through the body

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16
Q

Section

A

Flat surface formed when the body is cut by a plane passing through it

17
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body vertically into left and right parts

18
Q

Midsagittal plane (median)

A

Lies on midline

19
Q

Paradagittal plane

A

Not on midline

20
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Divided body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

21
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body horizontally into superior and inferior

22
Q

Coronal section

A

Good for looking at right and left side differences

23
Q

Transverse section

A

Good for looking at right and left side differences but at a different angle

24
Q

Midsagittal section

A

Good for looking at dorsal and central comparisons

25
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A
  • Closed to outside
  • Contains organs of the nervous system
  • includes cranial cavity (inside skull and spinal or vertebral cavity
26
Q

Ventral body cavity

A
  • closed to outside
  • contains internal organs of the viscera
  • includes thoracic cavity (inside chest) and abdominopelvic cavity (inside abdomen)
27
Q

Structural organisation (in order)

A
  • chemical level
  • cellular level
  • tissue level
  • organ level
  • system level
  • organismic level
28
Q

Chemical level

A

Atomic and molecular level

29
Q

Cellular level

A

Contains cells

Cell: the smallest Living unit of the body

30
Q

Tissue level

A

Tissue: group of cells and materials surrounding them that work together on one task

31
Q

Organ level

A

Grouping two or more tissue types into a recognisable structure with a specific function (organ)

32
Q

System level

A

Organ system: a collection of related organs with a common function

33
Q

Organismic level

A

Whole body

34
Q

Homeostasis

A

Refers to the Maintenance of internal environment within physiological limits required by cells for optimal functioning

35
Q

Homeostasis can be disrupted by

A

External stimuli: Heat/Coke, intake of fluid, food and various chemicals

Internal stimuli: physical and physiological stress

36
Q

Detects change

A

The receptors detect stimuli (change in controlled variables) and alert the control centre

37
Q

Change in response

A

Control centre turns signals into ‘meaning’ and compares the messages to what is already knows is right (set point) and so it ‘understands’ the meaning then determines the appropriate response

38
Q

Positive feedback

A

The change enhances (exaggerates) the original stimulus

39
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of a structure

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (3 decks)

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