lecture 1

Question 1

Define sedative anxiolytics

Answer 1

• exert a calming effect or sedation with concomitant relief of anxiety at relatively low doses
• depressant effects on psychomotor and cognitive functions

Question 2

List selective depressants

Answer 2

• sedative hypnotics

–> benzodiazepines

–> barbiturates

–> Ethanol

Question 3

list non-selective/general depressants

Answer 3

• antihistamines
• Opioid analgesics

Question 4

define Hypnotics

Answer 4

• agents that produce droiness and encourage the onset and maintence of a state of sleep
• general hynotic effects

–> more rapid onset of sleep

–> increased duration of Stage 2 NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep

–> decreased druation of REM and stage 4 NREM sleep

Question 5

define anxiety

Answer 5

• overwhelming and continuous worrying about life events
• Symptoms

–> anxiousness, nerousness, apprehension, fear, panic, mental disinttegration

Question 6

list benzodiazepine sedative-hynpotics

Answer 6

• flurazepam
• temazepam
• triazolam
• midazolam

Question 7

list benzodiazepine anxiolytic

Answer 7

• alprazolam
• clorazepate
• diazepam
• lorazepam
• oxazepam

Question 8

list benzodiazepine like (Z-drugs)

Answer 8

• Zolpidem
• Zaleplon
• Eszopliclone

**sleep inducers**

Question 9

Describe sedative-hypnotics drugs

Answer 9

DEPRESSES CNS

• GRADED dose-dependent (sedation/sleep –> anesthesia/coma –> respriatory depression/death)
• Linear slope = barbiturates and alcohols

–> result in coma and death

• Non-linear slope = benzodiazepines and newer hypnotics

–> GENERALLY SAFER (reach plateau in CNS depression)

Question 10

list therapeutic uses of sedative hypnotics

Answer 10

• relief of anxiety
• relief of insomnia**
• Sedation and amnesia (balanced anesthesia)
• Tx of epilepsy and seizure states
• Control of ethanol or other sedative hypnotic wiehtdrawl states