CNS STIMULANTS Flashcards
describe generally CNS STIMULANTS
- Chemically similat to NE and stimulate fight or flight
- INCREASE
–> allertness and awareness, productivity and motivation, arousal, locomotion, HR, BP, eurphoria, nervousness and anxiety
- DECREASE = requirement for sleep and food intake
- OVERDOSE = convulsions and death
what are the uses for CNS stimulants
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) = Methylphenidate
- Drug-induced and postanesthesia respiraotry depression = doxapram
- Analgesia = caffeine
- Performance enhancement (alertness) = amphetamines and caffeine
- Narcolepsy and sleep disorders = Modafinil
- Severe obesity
Describe abuse potential
- more likely with
–> use in weight-loss, performance enhancement, history of emotional instability/substance abuse
- less likely with
- legitimate use in ADHD
Treatment of obesity
- CNS stimulants used as adjunctive therapy to diets and physical activity
- used for their appetite-suppressing properties
- use is declinging due to
–> tolerance, abuse liabliity, adverse effects
- AGENTS = AMPHETAMINE, dextroamphetamine
Orlistat
- Used for weight control
- produces 9-10% weight loss after 1 year
- lipase inhibitor; decrease GI fat absorption
GI side effects = steatorrhea, fecal incontinence, flatulence
Function of VTA
- reqrd/salience
- pleasure, euphoria
- motor function (fine tuning)
- compulsion
- perservation
describe the diagnositc criteria of ADHD: INATTENTION TYPE
- six or more of the follow must be present for 6 months
–> Inattention to detals = careless mistakes
–> difficutly sustaining attention
–> easily distracted
–> avoids tasks requring sustained attention
–> does not listen
– failes to finish tasks
–> difficulty organizing
–> loses things
–> forgetful
Describe teh diagnositc criteria of ADHD:
Impulsivity/Hyperactivity
- IMPULSIVITY
–> blurts out answers before question is finished
–> difficulty awating turn
–> interrupts or intrudes on others
- Hyperactivity
–> talks excessivley
–> Squirms and fidgets
–> unable to stay seated
–> runs/Climbs excessively
–> cannot playwork quietly
–> on the go
describe teh developmental trends of ADHD from childhood to adulthood
- children
–> motoric hyperactivity
–> aggressiveness
–> low frustration tolerace
–> impuslveness
- Adults
–> shifts activityes
–> easily bored
–> impatient
–> restlessness
DOPAMINE deficity hypothesis of ADHD
- Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) lacks DA (FRONTAL LOBE)
–> PFC projects to anterior cingulate cortex –> integration of inattentiveness and regulation of emotions
–> supported by DA enhancing tx (amphetamines, etc)
ADHD TX (CNS stimualants)
- Methylphenidate
- AMphetamien salts
- Dextroamphetamine
Side effects of ADHD tx
- Decrease appetitie and weight loss
- insomnia
- headaches
- stomachaches
- irritaility/moodiness (rebound effect)
- motor tics
