Lecture 1 Flashcards
two human sets of deeth
permanent, deciduous
teeth are of different form/types/functions… ex) human
heterodont
teeth are of same form/type/function… ex) crocodile
homodont
one set of teeth like rats seals walruses
monophyodont
more than two or a continuous set of teeth
polyphyodont
permanent or deciduous teeth are blank traits
set
blank traits refer to maxillary or mandibular
arch
refers to the patient’s right or left mouth
side
trait that is which tooth of the class (1st, 2nd, etc)
type
trait that is the kind of tooth (molar, canine, etc)
class
transitional phase when both deciduous and permanent teeth are present, not a full set
mixed dentition
there are blank sets of dentitions but blank periods of dentition stages due to blank
2, 3, overlap
primary dentition phase starts at blank
6 months
mixed dentition stage usually starts at about blank
6 years
permanent teeth are usually fully present as a set at blank
12 years
baby teeth aka
milk teeth
adult has blank teeth
32
child has blank teeth
20
four quadrants
maxillary right/left, mandibular left/right
two types of incisors
lateral, central
aka cuspid, for cutting and piercing
canine
two types of premolars
first, second
premolars aka
bicuspids
three types of molar
1st, 2nd, 3rd
molars are aka
6 year molar, 12 year molar, wisdom tooth
function of molars
grind
there are blank types of molars in deciduous set
2
there are no blank in deciduous set
premolars
shedding of deciduous tooth
exfoliation
process by which deciduous roots are melted away to allow for exfoliation
resorption
permanent teeth that replace exfoliated deciduous teeth
succedaneous
there are blank succedaneous teeth
20
blank take the place of the the deciduous molars
premolars
eruption age of deciduous mandibular central incisor
6 months (1)
eruption age of deciduous mandibular lateral incisor
7 months (2)
indicates one side of the mouth that includes both upper and lower quadrants… must be multiplied by 2 to provide the number of teeth in the entire dentition
dental formula
order of standardized tooth identification
set arch side type class
example of standardized tooth id
permanent mandibular left second molar
if permanent, blank does not have to be stated
set
allows for ease of documentation of dental records. like shorthand, rather than completely writing everything out
numbering systems
three types of numbering systems
universal (KNOW),
palmer, fdi, (know only how they work)
universal numbering system is for blank teeth
permanent
universal numbering system starts where
maxillary right 3rd molar
universal numbering system ends at blank
mandibular right
this numbering system uses four brackets to denote each quadrant
palmer system
an attempt at a worldwide standardization used in Europe and canada
fdi
fdi stands for
federation dentaire internationale
fdi uses a blank where first number identifies blank and second number identifies blank
binomial, quadrant (1-4 permanent, 5-8 deciduous), tooth (1-8 permanent starting at central incisor, 1-5 deciduous)
two separate sets of teeth or dentitions
diphyodont
anterior teeth include these
to canine
anterior teeth have blank surfaces and blank edges
4, 1
midline surface of anterior teeth
mesial
away from midline surface of anterior teeth
distal
surface of anterior teeth toward lips
labial (facial)
surface of anterior teeth toward the palate
palatal (lingual)
biting edge of anterior teeth
incisal
posterior teeth have blank surfaces
five
posterior teeth next to the cheeks
buccal (facial)
posterior teeth surface toward tongue
lingual or palatal (maxillary)
chewing surface of posterior teeth
occlusal
line formed by the junction of two crown surfaces
line angle
blank line angles to each tooth… ex) mesiolabial, distolingual, mesio-occlusal
8
junction of three crown surfaces and takes name of the three surfaces
point angles
the crown is divided into artificial blank both horizontally and vertically
thirds
horizontal thirds
incisal/occlusal, middle, cervical/gingival
vertical thirds
distal, middle, mesial
area of greatest convexity on the facial and lingual surfaces
height of contour
height of contour is the blank part of the tooth
fattest
height of contour diverts food from packing into blank
gingiva
where one tooth touches the other
contact area
when adjacent teeth touch, the space that surrounds the contact area can be divided into separate triangular blank spaces
embrasure
two embrasure spaces
occlusal, gingival
two embrasure spaces looking inferiorly
buccal, lingual
all normal teeth develop from three or more blank
lobes
incisors develop from blank lobes
4
facial part of incisors form from blank lobes
3
cingulum forms from blank lobes
1
horizontal ridges on the enamel of newly erupted permanent teeth
perikymata
large rounded eminence on the lingual surface of all permanent and deciduous anterior teeth… cervical third of the tooth
cingulum
form bulk of of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth… the peaks
cusp
linear and usually convex elevations on surfaces of crowns
ridges
rounded depressions or concavities of the teeth
fossa
lingual surface of anterior teeth have a large blank fossa
shallow
posterior teeth have two or more fossae on the blank surface
occlusal
small depressed area usually found in the deepest portion of the fossa
pit
manner in which teeth come together
occlusion
process of chewing
mastication
hard, boneline tissue that covers the dentin of the anatomic root
cementum
forms main body of tooth covered by enamel of the crown and cementum of the anatomic root… makes bulk of tooth
dentin
hard mineralized tissue that covers dentin of the anatomic crown, hardest tissue in body
enamel
external surface of the tooth where the enamel and cementum meet… separates crown from root
cervical line
internal line meeting the dentin and enamel in the anatomic crown
denino enamel junction (dej)
portion of tooth covered in enamel
crown
portion of the root covered by cementum
anatomic root
portion of crown visible in the mouth…. depends on level of soft tissue
clinical crown
portion of root that is not visible in the mouth
clinical root
white protective external surface of the anatomic crown
enamel
enamel is a product of a specialized cell called
ameloblasts
makes up bulk of tooth and has 18% blank
collagen
blank is very thin and has about 23% collagen
cementum
entire cavity of the tooth that contains the pulp
pulp cavity
found mostly in the anatomic crown
pulp chamber
pointed elongations of the pulp chamber, corresponds to the cusps of the tooth
pulp horns
living soft tissue that occupies vital tooth… has blood vessels and nerve
pulp
root tip
apex
eruption age of deciduous mandibular canine
16 months (4)
eruption age of deciduous mandibular first molar
12 months (3)
eruption age of deciduous mandibular second molar
20 months (5)
eruption age of permanent mandibular central incisor
6-7 years (2)
eruption age of permanent mandibular lateral incisor
7-8 years (3)
eruption age of permanent mandibular canine
9-10 years (4)
eruption age of permanent mandibular first premolar
10-11 years (5)
eruption age of permanent mandibular second premolar
11-12 years (6)
eruption age of permanent mandibular first molar
6-7 years (1)
eruption age of permnaent mandibular second molar
11-13 years (7)
eruption age of permanent mandibular third molar
17-21 years (8)
eruption age of permanent maxillary central incisor
7-8 years (2)
eruption age of permanent maxillary lateral incisor
8-9 years (3)
eruption age of permanent maxillary canine
11-12 years (6)
eruption age of permanent maxillary first premolar
10-11 years (4)
eruption age of permanent maxillary second premolar
11-12 years (5)
eruption age of permanent maxillary first molar
6-7 years (1)
eruption age of permanent maxillary second molar
12-13 years (7)
eruption age of permanent maxillary third molar
17-21 years (8)
eruption age of deciduous maxillary central incisor
7.5 months (1)
eruption age of deciduous maxillary lateral incisor
9 months (2)
eruption age of deciduous maxillary canine
19 months (4)
eruption age of deciduous maxillary first molar
14 months (3)
eruption age of deciduous maxillary second molar
24 months (5)
deciduous teeth order
C, L, 1, C, 2
permanent teeth mandibular order
1, C, L, C, 1P, 2P, 2, 3
permanent teeth maxillary order
1, C, L, 1P, 2P, C, 2, 3
