Lecture 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Viburnum dentatum
A
Arrowwood
- fruits attach with yellow pedicels
- attractive to fall migrants
- highly nutritious
- high sugar content
- coevolution between plant and bird world
- examples of birds: Eastern Bluebird, Blue Jay, Ruffed Grouse, Pileated Woodpecker
2
Q
Ilex verticillata
A
Winterberry
- appeals to fall migrants
- bright red berries in winter
- attractive more specifically to Robins (a fall migrant)
- Robin is specializing on Winterberry
- Ilex is genus for holly
3
Q
Other Viburnum Spp.
I.e. Viburnum acerifolium, Viburnum lentago
A
- berries remain through winter to feed resident winter birds
- examples of birds: Blue Jay, Ruffed Grouse, Purple Finch, American Crow
- Viburnum acerifolium - “acer”=maple -> leaves are maple-like
4
Q
Viburnum opulus
A
Highbush cranberry
- berries for berry specialists
- cedar waxwing birds use the berries - berry specialists
- waxwings take advantage of good berries because they are entirely frugivorous
5
Q
“Many eyes” hypothesis
A
- birds fly in flocks to help find berries - does not decrease fitness because there are plenty
- why would birds fly in flocks
- so there are “many eyes”
6
Q
What type of berries do cedar waxwings eat?
A
- Viburnum opulus and Rhamnus cathartica
7
Q
Rhus typhina
A
Staghorn sumac
- characteristic inflorescence - cluster of flowers
- berries remain though winter to feed returning migrants
- much harder and drier berries
- not as sweet, sugary/nutritious therefore tend to last longer into season
- not as fleshy
- higher acid content
- sumac berries tend to last longer in the season
- examples of birds: Northern Flicker, Thrush, American Robin, American Crow
8
Q
Winter Survival
A
- some birds survive winters by relying on nutrients and fats stored in berries
- some animals rely on nutrition supplied by plant buds
- perennial plants in northern climates survive in part by storing sugars and readying themselves to produce new sugas as quickly as possible
9
Q
Winter browsing
A
- Red squirrels eat balsam terminal buds and flowers cone buds
- cones important reproductive pieces of gymnosperms
10
Q
Terminal buds
A
End of the branch
11
Q
Lateral buds
A
Buds on the side
12
Q
Pedicels
A
secondary smaller flower stalks - each with a flower at its tip
13
Q
Abies balsamea
A
- balsam fir
- and moose browse
14
Q
Leaf and flower buds
- Cues to induce bud break (bud opening):
A
- critical temperature (I.e. Warming) and
- duration threshold (need warmth for a certain period of time before bud will break) - helps prevent early budding
- day length - also cues - more predictable, consistent, reliable
- buds either give rise to leaves or flowers
15
Q
Flower phenology
A
- birch, aspen, and poplars are some of the first species to break floral and leaf buds
