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Perio Exam 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the other names of periodontium?

A

attachment apparatus

supporting tissues of the tooth

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2
Q

what are the functions of the periodontium?

A

attach the tooth to bony tissue of the jaw

maintain integrity of masticatory mucosa

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3
Q

when does the periodontium development occur?

A

early in the embryonic phase

occurs along with tooth development

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4
Q

where do the cells of periodontium originate from?

A

neural crest (neural tube)

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5
Q

what happens to the cells of the periodontium?

A

cells from the neural crest migrate into the first branchial arch

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6
Q

what do the cells of periodontium form?

A

ectomesenchyme beneath stomadeal epithelium

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7
Q

what does the stomadeal epithelium do?

A

releases factors which initiate epithelial ectomesenchymal interactions

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8
Q

what do the dental lamina form?

A

bud stage, cap stage, bell stage

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9
Q

what happens to the ectomesenchyme?

A

ectomesenchyme condenses around dental organ and forms the dental papilla and dental follicle

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10
Q

what does the dental papilla do?

A

give rise to dentin and pulp

determines the shape and form of tooth

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11
Q

what does the dental follicle do?

A

gives rise to periodontium

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12
Q

what forms first in embryogenesis?

A

crown forms first

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13
Q

what does the outer and inner enamel epithelium proliferate apically and form?

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

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14
Q

what forms dentin?

A

odontoblast

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15
Q

what does the inner cells of root sheath secrete?

A

enamel related proteins (amelogenins)

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16
Q

what happens to the root sheath?

A

fenestrates

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17
Q

what contacts the root surface?

A

ectomesenchymal cells of folicle

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18
Q

what happens to the ectomesenchymal cells of follicle?

A

amelogin induces differentiation into cementoblast and cementoid forms

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19
Q

what does the fibers of cementoid intermingle with?

A

immature dentinal fibers

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20
Q

what are the periodontal ligaments formed by?

A

fibroblast

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21
Q

where do the fibroblast differentiate from?

A

dental follicle lateral to the cementum

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22
Q

where do the osteoblasts differentiate from?

A

dental follicle ectomesenchymal cells

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23
Q

what happens to the ectomesenchymal cells?**

A

remain in mature periodontium and participate in turnover

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24
Q

what is the definition of gingiva?

A

part of the masticatory mucosa which covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth

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25
Q

what are the three parts of the gingiva?

A

free gingiva, attached gingiva and interdental papilla

26
Q

what are synonyms for free gingiva?

A

gingival sulcus, marginal gingiva, sulcus depth

27
Q

what are the margins of free gingiva?

A

extends from free gingival margin and free gingival groove

28
Q

what is the free gingiva made of?

A

keratinized epithelium

29
Q

what s the free gingival margin?

A

coronal end of gingiva- located 1.5-2mm coronal to CEJ

30
Q

what is the free gingival groove?

A

junction between free and attached gingiva

corresponds to CEJ- only found in 30-40% of adults

31
Q

what are the components of gingival epithelium?

A

oral epithelium
oral sulcular epithelium
junctional epithelium

32
Q

where is the oral epithelium?

A

faces oral cavity

33
Q

where is the oral sulcular epithelium?

A

faces tooth surface without contacting it

34
Q

where is the junctional epithelium? **

A

provides contact between gingiva and the tooth

35
Q

what is the macroscopic limit of the free gingiva?

A

extends from free gingival margin to free gingiva groove

36
Q

what is the microscopic limit of free gingiva?

A

extends from free gingival margin to junctional epithelium

37
Q

what are the characteristics of attached gingiva?

A

firm texture, coral pink, immobile, keratinized

38
Q

how does the attached gingiva width vary?

A

increases with age (passive eruption)
widest in incisors, narrowest in premolars
mandibular lingual- lowest in incisors, widest in molars

39
Q

what is stippling?

A

small depressions on the attached gingiva

40% of adults present stippling

40
Q

what is the mucogingival junction?

A

junction between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa

41
Q

where does the mucogingival junction not exist?

A

not in the palate

42
Q

what does the shape of interdental papilla depend on?

A

the contact relationships between adjacent teeth
width of approximal tooth surfaces
course of CEJ

43
Q

what is the col?

A

concavity seen in contact areas of premolar/ molar region

non-keratinized epithelium (similar to junctional epithelium)

44
Q

what is the oral epithelium?

A

keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium (keratinocytes)

45
Q

what are the layers of the oral epithelium?

A

basal layer
prickle cell layer
granular cell layer
keratinized cell layer

46
Q

what is orthokeratinized?

A

no nucleus

47
Q

what is parakeratinized

A

nuclear remnants

48
Q

what happens from the basal layer to the granular layer?

A

cytoplasmic tonofilaments and number of desmosomes increase

number of organelles increase

49
Q

what are the cells of the oral epithelium?

A

keratinocytes (90%)

clear cells

50
Q

what are clear cells?

A

melanocytes, langerhans cells, merkel’s cells

51
Q

what do melanocytes do?

A

synthesize melanin pigment

52
Q

what do langerhans cells do?

A

defense cells

53
Q

what do merkel cells do?

A

sensory

54
Q

what is the basement membrane?

A

present between basal layer of oral epithelium and CT
1-2 um wide
rich in glycoproteins
contains protein-polysaccharide complexes

55
Q

what are the 2 layers of basement membrane seen microscopically?

A

lamina lucida- adjacent to basal cells

lamina densa- adjacent to connective tissue

56
Q

what does the lamina densa project?

A

anchoring fibers project into connective tissue

57
Q

what are hemidesmosomes?

A

dense plaques that attach epithelium to the basement membrane

58
Q

what are desmosomes?

A

pairs of hemidesmosomes

59
Q

how does stippling form?

A

in the boundary between oral epithelium and underlying connective tissue, connective tissue projects into epithelium connetic tissue papillea with epithelial ridges or rete pegs intervening. when rete pegs fuse- stippling

60
Q

where are rete pegs missing from

A

junctional epithelium site

Perio Exam 1 (6 decks)

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