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Research Evaluation > Lecture 1 & 2 combined > Flashcards

Lecture 1 & 2 combined Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most important section while evaluation medical literature

A

Methods / Materials & Methods / Patients & Methods

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2
Q

observes associations

shows pattern of disease occurrence

helps to generate hypotheses

A

descriptive research

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3
Q

analyzes associations

investigates relationships

tests hypothese

A

analytical research

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4
Q

describes epidemiological studies reveal the patterns of disease occurrence in human populations

A

descriptive studies

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5
Q

provides general observations concerning the relationship of disease to basic characteristics
Person/Place/Time

A

descriptive studies

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6
Q

Examples of descriptive studies

A

Case Reports
Clinical Series
Populations (Ecological Studies)

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7
Q

Real world examples of?

alerting the medical community to what type of persons are at risk for a new or old disease

A

descriptive study

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8
Q

assisting in the rational planning of health and medical care needs: i.e. how many PAs do we need in field?

A

descriptive study

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9
Q

provides CLUES TO DISEASE ETIOLOGY and q’s or hypotheses for further study

A

descriptive study

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10
Q

attempt to provide insight into etiology or find/ determine better patient outcomes

A

explanatory studies

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11
Q

Which explanatory study type has an active intervention from the investigator

A

Experimental Explanatory Study

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12
Q

which explanatory study type has an investigator who observes nature?

A

Observational Explanatory Study

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13
Q

three types of observational studies

A

cohort studies, case series or studies, individual case reports

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14
Q

two types of experimental studies

A

randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials

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15
Q

three types of critical appraisal studies with high qualities of evidence

A

Critically Appraised Literature & Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines, Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analyses

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16
Q

two types of Descriptive studies of individuals?

A

Case Reports or Case Series

17
Q

a narrative in the professional literature that identifies a SINGLE INCIDENT and discusses PERTINENT FACTORS related to the patient

A

Case Report

18
Q

Brings a novel or unusual patient to the attention of the colleagues

A

Case Report

19
Q

Information is preliminary and unrefined in terms of research methodology (important)

A

case report

20
Q 
Case series are used to ?
Examine \_\_\_\_
Catalog \_\_\_\_
Determine \_\_\_\_
Discuss \_\_\_\_\_
A

Examine adverse events or effects
Catalog new diseases or outbreak
Determine the feasibility or safety of a new treatment or intervention
Discuss the potential efficacy of a new treatment

21
Q

What lacks “sufficient methodological rigor”

A

Case reports and case series

22
Q

why do Case reports and case series lack “sufficient methodological rigor”?

A

data does not extrapolate to larger populations
evidence may be circumstantial
confounding factors may be present

23
Q

what do case reports and case series typically indicate the need for?

A

future study

24
Q

When you think case-report or case series think

A

well defined SOAP

25
Q

When we do a descriptive study design or descriptive study on populations what are we looking for?

A

ecological studies

26
Q

examines the relationship between exposures and diseases as measured in a population rather than in individuals

A

ecological studies of descriptive studies

27
Q

can often be done by utilizing data from surveys or registries without having to interview, examine, or even identify individual subjects

A

ecological studies of descriptive studies

28
Q

after describing an association at the population level, the next step would be to do an analytic study to see if the association holds true to individuals in what type of study?

A

ecological studies of descriptive studies

29
Q

what is ecological fallacy?

A

a type of bias specific to ecological studies

Occurs when relationships that exist for groups are assumed to also be true for individuals

30
Q

a type of bias specific to ecological studies

Occurs when relationships that exist for groups are assumed to also be true for individuals

A

ecological fallacy

Research Evaluation (12 decks)

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