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SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY > Lecture 1+2 > Flashcards

Lecture 1+2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a definition of personality?

A

“Personality is a particular pattern of behaviour and thinking that prevails across time and situations that differentiates one person from another”

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2
Q

What does psycho mean?

A

Psychological

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3
Q

What does pathos mean?

A

Disease/disorder

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4
Q

What did personality research emerge out of?

A

Abnormal psychology

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5
Q

What are four reasons for the study of personality?

A
  1. Understanding how our personalities can break down
  2. Implications for therapy
  3. Helping us to understand ‘normal’ mental functioning
  4. Understand what is necessary for mental health needs
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6
Q

What is free-will?

A

The choices that we make are not bound by casual conditions - in exactly the same circumstances we could do otherwise

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7
Q

What is determinism?

A

Everything (including our behaviour and thoughts) is caused by antecedent (prior) conditioning.

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8
Q

What are the two types of criticism and what do they mean?

A

Logical (identifying contradictions, hidden assumptions, vagueness, ambiguity) and empirical (determining whether observation supports a theory or not)

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9
Q

What are the four main methods used in personality research?

A
  1. Case studies
  2. Objective tests
  3. Projective tests
  4. Physiology methods
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10
Q

What are objective tests?

A

true/false, multiple choice

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11
Q

What are projective tests?

A

Ambiguous stimuli, e.g. Rorshach inkblots

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12
Q

What percentage of psychologists use projective tests?

A

30%

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13
Q

What’s a main problem with projective tests?

A

Problem of score interpretation, reliability and validity

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14
Q

What’s the main problem with physiological methods?

A

We have to have a particular theory on personality before we can theorise how the brain affects it

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15
Q

What is the problem relating to ethnocentrism and personality?

A

Are the theories universal or reflections of specific cultures?

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16
Q

What are some considerations relating to egocentrism and personality?

A

Are our theories representations of ourselves? How do our own experiences affect our beliefs of personality?

17
Q

What are the self-preservation drives in the Human Animal?

A

hunger, thirst, pain, avoidance, sex, destructiveness

18
Q

What is Freud’s belief on unconsciousness?

A

That we are not aware of everything in the mind (unconscious beliefs and desires) and are not aware of all of the causes of our behaviour (brain processes)

19
Q

What three aspects can the mind be divided into?

A
  1. Id (biological drives)
  2. Ego (self)
  3. Super-ego (conscience/morality)
20
Q

What is the Id?

A

Original and primitive part of personality - impersonal, animalistic, selfish, non-socialised, impulse, unconscious

21
Q

What is the Ego?

A

Our sense of self - “I”

22
Q

Is the Ego conscious, unconscious or both?

A

Both

23
Q

What is the Reality Principle?

A

Part of the Ego, we learn to satisfy our desires via reality - e.g. gratification postponement (uni)

24
Q

What is the super-ego?

A

Conscience, moral beliefs & values - impact of social forces, beliefs about should and should not, develops from fear of punishment/loss of love (anxiety and guilt)

25
Q

What are we in infancy, Id, Ego or Super-ego?

A

Id

26
Q

What leads us to become more than Id?

A

Socialisation - learn that some desires lead to punishment/reward - conflict between parental prohibitions and desires

27
Q

What is repression?

A

Inhibition of anti-social behaviours - unconscious conflict between biological impulses and moral beliefs

28
Q

What is denial?

A

Not accepting the reality of a threatening situation

29
Q

What is reaction-formation?

A

Transferring unacceptable wishes into their opposite - e.g. homophobia

30
Q

What are three problems with the psychoanalytic theory?

A
  1. unscientific
  2. untestable
  3. unfalsifiable
31
Q

What do psychodynamic models emphasise?

A

The active, motivated nature of the mind and personality

SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY (7 decks)

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