lecture 1,2 Flashcards
What does the CNS develop from ?
Embryonic neural tube
What is the major divisions of the brain made of ?
anterior end of neural tube swells becoming the manjor divisons :
1. forebrain
2. midbrain
3. hindbrain
What is the neural tubes 2 diff sides ?
anterior (rostral)
posterior (caudel)
What are the 3 parts of the primary brain vesicles ?
Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
What constituetes the brain stem ?
midbrain
pons
medulla
What does the Hind brain (Rhombacephalon) consist of ?
cerebellum
pons
medulla
Function of cerrebellum ?
little brain
motor control
posture
co-ordination of movement
Function of Pons ?
bridge
between cortex and cerebellum
motor control
Function of medulla ?
regulated breathing
circulation
some mottor functions -swallowing,vomiting
What does the midbrain do ?
processes (inferior colliculous ) auditory and visual (super colliculous) information
What does the diencephalon consist of ?
w
consists of thalamus and hypothalamus
What does the Thalamus consist of ?
Sensory relay centre for information going to the cerebral cortex (skeletal muscle ,coordiantion )
What does the hypothalamus do ?
Regulated water balance feeding ,emotions(via limbic system )
reproduction
body temp
ANS functions
circadian rhythms
Whar is the Telencephalon ?
surrounds the diencephalon
What is the cerebral hemispheres ?
2 of them
right and left
involved in sensory perception
learning
memory
cocnscious memory
outer layer -gray matter& inner white
What is the corpus callosum ?
axonal projections (tracks of myelinated fibres ) which connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres
What is Alzheimers ?
most common form of dementia affects 6 in every 10 people
clinical hallmarks
1. Beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles
2.people exhibit both cognitive and non cognitive symptoms
shrinkage of cerebral cortex and hippocampus
What is the PNS ?
prephiral nervous sytem
providing links berween our brains (CNS) and the world
What are the meninges ?
3 meningeal layers enclose the brain abnd spinal cord and their blood vessels :outer-to innermost :
Dura,arachnoid,pia matter
Where does the CSF flow in ?
in subarachnoid space;returned to venous blood via arachnoid granulations
draining into sinus shown above
What are the ventricles in the brain ?
continuous with each other and with central canal of the spinal cord
chambers within ventricles filled with Cerebrospinal fluid.
What are ependymal cells and how do they work ?
have cillia which helps circulate the CSF
some specialised cells of Chloroid plexus found within the ventricles themselves prod CSF
What are the 3 aperatures ?
openings
mark the walls of the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia matter
CSF eventually drains into superior sagittal sinus
What is the function of CSF and what does it do ?
forms a protective cushion provides buoyancy to structure within the CNS
CSF is similar to blood plasma from which it is formed (less protein)
