Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 different microorganisms?
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Viruses
What are the characteristics of prokaryotes and examples?
Lack of membrane bound nucleus
Single circular chromosome
Ex. Bacteria
What are the characteristics of archaea?
A type of prokaryote but are able to live in extreme environments (high salt, temp, acidic environments)
What are the characteristics of eukaryotes and examples?
Contain membrane bound nucleus and organelles
Ex. Protozoa, fungi
What is the binomial system of nomenclature?
The order of naming microorganisms
Genus name followed by species name
Genus vs species
Genus is the country
Species is the province (NEVER capitalized)
Why is microbio important?
Develops higher life forms (oxygen introduction atm)
Degrades organic matter
Produces antibiotics for clinical practices
Normal bacteria helps prevent harmful bacteria growth
Fermentation in food industry
What is the time line of microbiology?
1660s - the first cell in a microscope and created the cell theory
1680s - van leeuwenhoek used the microscope to see live microbes and named them animalcules (bacteria)
1790s - Jenner developed small pox vaccine by infecting people with cow pox to create an immunity to small pox
1860s - Pasteur used an aseptic technique using a swan neck. When exposed to new bacteria from the air the food spoils
1880s - germ theory isolating bacteria developed by Robert Koch to prove specific microbes cause specific diseases
1900s -Paul developed selective toxicity to inhibit the growth of pathogenic organisms (chemo)
1920s - Fleming discovered that mold penicillin inhibits bacteria growth
What is the cell theory?
All things are made of cells
Spontaneous generation vs biogenesis
Food left for long periods of time will eventually spoil. Microscope examination reveals that the spoiled food has bacteria. Thought that bacteria arises spontaneously from non-living matter. Theory was rejected by pasteurization
Hypothesis that living matter arises only from pre-existing living matter.
Who discovered the first effective antimicrobial to cure syphilis?
Paul ehrlich discovered Salvarsan
How did Pasteur explain fermentation?
Yeast converted sugar to alcohol in the absence of air
Prevent milk, beer and wine from spoiling by heating to kill (lower) bacteria present instead of bacteria turning sugar to vinegar
Kills pathogens in milk
