Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the priorites of «normal» walking?
- Stability in stance (most important)
- Foot clearance in swing (free step clearance
- Foot prepositioning during swing for initial contact
- Adequate/adapted step length
- Energy conservation
Definition of “Walking”?
Regular weight transfer from one foot/point to another
What is a “gait anomaly”?
Anomaly of weight transfer (irregular)
What is key for the development of stability?
The ‘Trunk’ of a person, A stable trunk will help stabilise the upper body
How is walking done? (and also the first steps of gait aquisition)?
- Creation of instability to move forward (e.g. leaning in the forward direction)
- Control of equilibrium to avoid falling (e.g. moving your foot to catch yourself)
At what point of the gait cycle does initial contact occur?
0% (initial heel strike)
How much of the gait cycle is in the stance phase?
60%
How much of the gait cycle is in the swing phase?
40%
What are the key event in a normal gait cycle? (single leg)
- initial contact/ heel strike (0%)
- Stance
- Heel rise (50%)
- Toe off (60%)
- Swing
- Heel Strike (100%)
What are the subdivisions of normal gait cycle phases?
- Initial contact into loading response
- Mid-stance
- Terminal stance
- initial swing
- Mid-swing
- terminal swing (end)
What does the ankle do in normal gait loading response?
Ankle plantar flexion
What occurs during loading response of normal gait?
- Weight shift (one leg to the other)
- Shock absorption
- Excentric muscle action
What happens at terminal stance?
- Acceleration (to bring the body forward)
- Concentric action
What does the knee need to do to allow swing?
There needs to be sufficient knee flexion to clear the ground (with the ankle in plantar flexion)
What constitutes one gait cycle?
Heel strike to heel strike
What are some methods to conduct clinical gait analysis? (6 Answers)
- Clinical examination
- Video (frontal and sagittal view)
- 3D motion capture (kinematics)
- GRF measurements (Kinetics)
- Electromyography (dynEMG)
- Pedobraography
What is the difference between “kinetics” and “kinematics”?
Kinetics: Deals with forces and motion only, and reveals how forces affect motion
Kinematics: Deals with motion only (e.g. how an object moves through space) without reference to associated forces
What is the first step BEFORE conducting gait analysis?
Clinical exam
It’s important to understand the construction of the patient’s body
What are examples of observational (gait) analysis?
- Clinical exam
- Video analysis
What are examples of Quantified gait analysis?
- Kinematics
- Kinetics
- Dyn. EMG
(it will result in a QUANTIFIED result)
What are the 2 directions for observign a gait cycle?
- Foot up (from the foot you work your way up the the trunk)
- Trunk down (from the trunk you work your way down to the foot
