Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dairy Production > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1-The land area of Ireland=
2-How much is used for agriculture=
3-How much is used for forestry=

A

1- 6.9 million hectares
2- 4.5 million hectares
3- 0.73 million hectares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What % of agricultural area is devoted to pasture, hay, grass silage:

A

81%
or 3.63 million hectares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What % of agricultural area is devoted to:
1- rough grazing
2- Crops, fruit and horticulture

A

1- 11% or 0.47 million hectares
2- 8% or 0.38 million hectares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What % does the agri-food sector account for in terms of employment ?

A

10% of employment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In Ireland what % of the worlds dairy milk do we produce?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the estimated family farm income range across all systems in 2023 ?

A

7,425-49,432€€€

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the total value of agri-food exports in 2023?

A

€18.28 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

According to DAFM what % did we export of dairy production in 2023?

A

55% - agri-food exports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Board Bia Report:
In 2023:
1- Dairy exports:
2- Meat and Livestock exports:
3- Consumer foods exports:

A

1- 6.3 billion (8% decrease)

2- 4.2 billion (1% decrease)

3- 3.1 billion (7% increase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who are one of Ireland’s biggest market, and why?

A

UK- 34% of our exports go to the UK due to the cost of transport; tastes are similar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who are big markets for us recently?

A

Asia, North America - 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outside of Dublin and the Middle East region , the agri-food sector provides what % of total employment?

A

10-14%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

According to the 2020 census:
1-How many farmers are in the country?

2-How many dairy farms in the country?

3-Total number of farms in the country?

4-How many cattle in the country?

A

1- 135,000- farmers in country

2-17,000 dairy farms in the country

3- 137,500 farms in the country

4-7.3 million cattle in the country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to the 2020 census:

1- How many people are in the agricultural labour force?

2- How many organic farms are there in Ireland?

A

1- 278,600 people in agri labour force

2- 1,686 organic farms in Ireland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

According to the 2020 census:

1- What % of farm holders in Ireland are male and female?

2- How many farmers are under 35, and 65 and over?

A

1- Male: 121,000 (88%) Female: 16,000 (12%)

2- Age: Under 35: 7,400 (5%), 65 and over:41,200 (30%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is happening with the farmer population as time goes on?

A

-Aging farmer population:

-In 2016, 1/4 of farmers in Ireland were 65 years old or older.
-5% of people were aged less than 35 years old.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In 2018, what % of workers in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors were female?

A

16.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many dairy farmers are in organics in Ireland?

A

Less than 100.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1-Where is the highest cow population in Ireland? (3 highest)

2-Where are the lowest cow populations in Ireland? (2 lowest)

3-Why is this the case?

A

1: Cork- 25% : 394,777
Tip- 11.5% : 182,711
Limerick- 8%: 124,411

2- Leitrim- 2,421
Dublin- 2,760

3- There is better land in the south, more sunshine, more time on grass, and more time outside: that’s why there are more dairy farmers in the south.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the location of beef production in Ireland and what %?

A

60% of beef farms are located on the:
-Border
-Midlands
-Western Region of Ireland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

1-What is the suckler industry based on ?

2-Farm herd size?

3-Beef herd size?

A

1- Small herd size

2- 27.5 hectares farm size beef

3- 18 cows beef herd size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dairy exports in 2023:
1- How much exported €€€?

2- Increase or decrease?

3- How many exported markets are served?

4- Why has the dairy export markets become more challenging for Irish suppliers?

A

1- 6.3 billion €€€

2- 8% decrease

3- 140 export markets

4- The Chinese market has decreased demand for milk formula , less demand more challenges for Irish suppliers. We need to ensure other markets are open to import Irish products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

1- What is the average family farm income across all systems in 2023, how much of a decrease is this?

2- What was the % difference in the dairy sector from 2022-2023?

3- What is the best opportunity for a good income?

A

1- €19,925 (decrease of 57% in 2022)

2- Dairy income decreased by 69% from 2022-2023

3-Dairy , even if it fluctuates each year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Agri-Food Strategy:

-Food Harvest 2020: What was the government’s target to grow food exports by 2020?
-What % to increase agricultural output by?
-What % to increase milk production by?

A
  • 12 billion €€€
    • increase agricultural output by 33%
    • increase milk production by 50%
      All in 2020^^^
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Food Wise 2025:

1- What is the government’s target to increase the value of agri-food exports by %, and how much €?

2- increase the value added to the sector by % and €€?

3- increase the value of primary production by % and €€?

4- How many extra jobs will be gained in the agri-food sector by 2025?

A

1- 85% to 19 billion€

2- 70% to 13 billion €

3- 65% to 10 billion €

4- 23,000 extra jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

List the 3 Agri-Food strategy projects:

A

1- Food Harvest 2020

2- Food Wise 2025

3- Food Vision 2030

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the major difference between Food Vision 2030 and the other two projects?

A

There are no figures in this one; it’s a mix of buzz words with no specific target—it has a food systems approach.
-There is a focus on Sustainable Food Systems.

29
Q

List the 4 goals for Food Vision 2030:

A

1- Climate Smart Environmentally Sustainable Agri-Food Sector

2- Viable and Resilient Primary Producers with Enhanced Well-being

3- Food that’s safe, nutritious, appealing, trusted and Values at home and abroad

4- Innovative , competitive and resilient agri Food Sector driven by technology and talent.

30
Q

What is the “logo” of the Farm to Fork strategy?

A

For:
Fair, Healthy, and Environmentally Friendly
food systems

31
Q

4 main Goals to Farm to Fork Strategy:

A

1- EU green deal- make EU first climate-neutral continent by 2050

2- Addresses challenges of sustainable food systems + shows the links between healthy people , healthy societies and healthy planet.

3- Reduce dependency on pesticides and antimicrobials.

4- Increase organic farming, improve welfare, and reverse biodiversity loss. (some load of bollox)

32
Q

Agriculture is responsible for what % of GHG emissions in Ireland in 2023?

A

37.8%

33
Q

1- Did emissions from agriculture increase or decrease in 2023?

2- What is this driven by?

A

1- Decreased by 4.6% (-1 Mt CO2eq) in 2023 (Positive)

2- Driven by reduced fertilizer and N use and reduced liming.

34
Q

1-In 2022, what % of GHG emissions was Agriculture responsible for?

2-In 2021?

A

1- 38.4% in 2022

2- 37.5% in 2021

35
Q

1- Are dairy farms increasing or decreasing over the years?

2- How many dairy cows in the country?

A

1- Increasing, but there hasn’t been a rise this year or last year.

2- Dairy Cow numbers of 1.6 million currently

36
Q

Where does agricultural emissions come from ( In dairy cows) 4 ways:

A

1- Methane gas belched out of cows.

2- Methane and Nitrous oxide gas from slurry

3- Nitrous oxide from urine and N fert.

4- Carbon in soils.

37
Q

Dairy Beef Relationship:

1-What % are calves for farmers bottom line income?

2- What impacts the reputation of dairy systems?

A

1- 2% of farmers bottom line income.

2- Calves hugely impact the reputation of dairy farms- we need to integrate dairy and beef.

38
Q

1- What sort of labour are agricultural farms heavily reliant on?

2- What expanding sectors need additional labour from outside the EU as we approach full employment?

3- Where is there a shortage of labour?

4- People in the dairy action plan need to attract how many people for future farmers and employees by 2025?

A

1- Family labour.

2- Horticulture, Dairy and Pigs

3- Across the agri-food sector

4- 6,000 people.

39
Q

On farmer in Ireland what % of workers are:

1- Farm holder

2- Family member of holder

3- Non-Family worker

A

1- 52%

2- 41%

3- 7%

40
Q

Teagasc National Farm Survey 2023:
What % of farms are:
1- Sustainable
2- Vulnerable
3- Viable

A

1- 30% Sustainable

2- 27% Vulnerable

3- 43% Viable

41
Q

What % of freshwater in the world does Agriculture use?

A

70% of the freshwater in the world

42
Q

What are the key drivers of change in the world?

A

By 2050, 70% of people will live in urban areas.
Almost 3/4 will be in Asia and Africa.

43
Q

Projected Growth for Global Milk and Meat Production:

1- What % of the world’s population lives in countries that are recording strong economic growth per annum

2- The number of middle class in China and India is forecast to increase by how much over the next 20 years?

3- What % increase in income equated to a 5% increase in beef consumption

4- What phase is global supply in?

A

1- 40% of the world’s population living in countries that are recording strong economic growth per annum.

2- Increase by 1.2 billion over the next 20 years.

3- 10% increase

4- Global supply is in tightening phase.

44
Q

Why does Ireland have a Grassland Advantage?

A

Because of the Gulf stream!
It provides frequent rainfall and a milk temperature range. Ireland has EU’s longest grass growing season.

45
Q

What is the grassland area % in
1- Ireland

2- EU

A

1- 80% IRE

2- 40% EU

46
Q

What is the grassland production (t DM/Ha)
1- Ireland

2-Europe

A

1- 15 IRE

2- 11 EU

47
Q

Grass is how much cheaper than the cost of:

1- Silage?

2- Barley Concentrate?

A

1- 2 times cheaper than the cost of silage

2- 3 times cheaper than the cost of barley concentrate.

48
Q

What do dairy farms have to meet to become up to Board Bia Grass Fed Standard:

A

Dairy Products certified by the Board Bia Grass Fed Standard are produced using milk from herds that are 95% grass-fed, spend an average of 140 days a year on pasture, and are SDAS verifies.

49
Q

1- What is a major selling point of Irish Agriculture?

2- What is the reason for this?

A

1- We have a low carbon footprint per kilo of product.
We have one of the lowest carbon footprints in the world.

2- The reason for this is that we grow the feed of our cows on the farm.
We also have 0% water stress, which is one of the sustainability metrics that these big companies are using for marketing products

50
Q

What is the average carbon footprints of Irish Dairy Farms?

A

0.97 kg CO2/ kg of FPCM

51
Q

Irish Dairy Industry 2023:

1- How many million Dairy Cows in Ireland?

2- What is the average herd size of dairy cows in Ireland?

3- Average farm size in Ireland - Dairy?

4- How many Dairy farms in Ireland Approx.?

5- On average, how many days are Irish Dairy Farms out on pasture?

6- What % of Dairy Cows Diet is Grass?

7- What is the Carbon Footprint ?

A

1- 1.646 million dairy cows in Ireland

2- 91 herd size average

3- 55ha average farm size

4- 17,000 dairy farms approx.

5- 240 days/year/grass pasture

6- 95% of diet= grass

7- 0.97kg CO2 per kg FPCM

52
Q

What is the history of Irish Milk Output:

A

Gradual rise in production up to mid 80’s when milk quotas introduced – relatively stable thereafter
Milk quotas introduced by EU to curb rising production. Each farmer got a quota based on
previous production

53
Q

Irish Dairy Cow numbers trend:

A

High rise from 1961- mid 80’s, gradual but consistent fall thereafter
Fall since mid 80’s is due to milk quota

54
Q

Teagasc Roadmap 2027:
Milk output per cow:
CURRENT:

1- Milk delivered (kg/cow)

2- Milk solids (kg fat + protein)

3- SCC (‘000 cells/ml)

A

1- 5,484

2- 417

3- 170

55
Q

Teagasc Roadmap 2027:
Milk output per cow:
2027:

1- Milk delivered (kg/cow)

2- Milk solids (kg fat + protein)

3- SCC (‘000 cells/ml)

A

1- 5,750

2- 465

3- 150

56
Q

Teagasc Roadmap 2027:
Milk output per cow:
Current Research Performance :

1- Milk delivered (kg/cow)

2- Milk solids (kg fat + protein)

3- SCC (‘000 cells/ml)

A

1- 5,800

2- 480

3- <150

57
Q

1- When were quotas introduced?

2- When they were introduced, what happened (3)

3- When were quotas abolished?

4- When they were abolished, what happened? (3)

A

1- Quota introduced in 1984

2- Total milk production had to level off
-Average yield per cow increased
-Number of cows in Ireland had to fall

3- Quota abolished in 2015

4- Total milk production began to increase again
-Average yield per cow levelled off
-Numbers of cows in Ireland has increased (400-450,000)

58
Q

Comparison of Milk Yields in Ireland vs. Other Countries :

1- What is yield directly related to?

2- Is this positive or negative?

3- Where is Ireland placed in the ranks for milk yield?

A

1- Yield can be related to reliance on forage: the greater the forage in the diet, the lower the yield.

2-Not necessarily a bad thing – grass is cheap and abundant, so it is sensible to build a diet and
production system around it.

3- 4th.
Rankings:
1st- USA
2nd- Netherlands
3rd- UK
4th- Ireland (less than 6000 kg/cow)
5th- New Zealand

59
Q

CSO report on Milk Production 2022 vs 2023:

1- What is the difference in yield?

2- What is the % change?

A

1- 2022= 8,542
2023= 8,265

2- 3.2% decrease

60
Q

1- What % decrease was there from 2022 vs 2023 on the average family farm dairy income?

2- What was this driven by?

A

1- 69% decrease year-on-year

2- A sharp decline in the milk price

61
Q

Evolution of Irish Dairy:

1- When did Ireland join the EEC?

2- When were milk Quotas introduced?

3- When were milk quotas removed?

4- What were the estimated litres produced in 2020 and the % increase in production?

A

1- 1973

2- 1984

3- 2015

4- Estimate 8.3 billion litres, 50% increase

62
Q

1- In 2022, what was the domestic milk intake estimated at?

2- when you compare this to 2021, what is the increase?

These figures include imports nit only milk produced here

A

1- 8,819.7 million litres

2- An increase of 61.3 million litres (0.7%) when compared with 2021

63
Q

Know these figures
In 2022 :

1- How many litres were consumed as liquid milk?

2- How many tonnes of butter?

3- How many tonnes of skim milk power?

4- How many tonnes of cheese?

A

1- 502 million litres

2- 268,700 tonnes of butter

3- 173,700 tonnes of skim milk power

4- 287,000 tonnes of cheese

64
Q

Dairy Breeds in Ireland:

1- What was the most popular breed until the 1960s?

2- Following the 1960’s, what then became popular?

3- What is the most popular breed from the 1980s until the present?

4- Why is this the most popular breed now?

5- What is a popular crossbreed seen today also?

A

1- Dairy Shorthorn until 1960’s

2- British Friesian

3- Dominated by N American Holstein genetics

4- Driven by the genetic propensity of high milk yield

5- HF x Je

65
Q

Trends in Dairy Insemination on Dairy Cows:
Holstein Breed:

1- In 2019

2- In 2020

3- The difference

4- The % change

A

1- 2019: 480,680

2- 2020: 525,916

3- The difference: 45,236

4- The % change: 9%

66
Q

Trends in Dairy Insemination on Dairy Cows:
In TOTAL (all breeds) :

1- In 2019

2- In 2020

3- The difference

4- The % change

A

1- 2019: 550,010

2- 2020: 590,336

3- The difference: 40,326

4- % change: 7.3%

67
Q

What is the milk pricing system in Ireland?

A

A + B - C

A= fat
B= protein
C= volume

68
Q

What does the milk payment system reward in Ireland?

A

-Rewards producers for milk with high solids content, specifically protein and fat.

-Volume (water) is valued negatively because it must be transported, handled, and removed in processing.

Dairy Production (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions