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Dairy Production > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

1-The land area of Ireland=
2-How much is used for agriculture=
3-How much is used for forestry=

A

1- 6.9 million hectares
2- 4.5 million hectares
3- 0.73 million hectares

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3
Q

What % of agricultural area is devoted to pasture, hay, grass silage:

A

81%
or 3.63 million hectares

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4
Q

What % of agricultural area is devoted to:
1- rough grazing
2- Crops, fruit and horticulture

A

1- 11% or 0.47 million hectares
2- 8% or 0.38 million hectares

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5
Q

What % does the agri-food sector account for in terms of employment ?

A

10% of employment

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6
Q

In Ireland what % of the worlds dairy milk do we produce?

A

1%

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7
Q

What was the estimated family farm income range across all systems in 2023 ?

A

7,425-49,432€€€

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8
Q

What is the total value of agri-food exports in 2023?

A

€18.28 billion

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9
Q

According to DAFM what % did we export of dairy production in 2023?

A

55% - agri-food exports

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10
Q

Board Bia Report:
In 2023:
1- Dairy exports:
2- Meat and Livestock exports:
3- Consumer foods exports:

A

1- 6.3 billion (8% decrease)

2- 4.2 billion (1% decrease)

3- 3.1 billion (7% increase)

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11
Q

Who are one of Ireland’s biggest market, and why?

A

UK- 34% of our exports go to the UK due to the cost of transport; tastes are similar.

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12
Q

Who are big markets for us recently?

A

Asia, North America - 30%

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13
Q

Outside of Dublin and the Middle East region , the agri-food sector provides what % of total employment?

A

10-14%

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14
Q

According to the 2020 census:
1-How many farmers are in the country?

2-How many dairy farms in the country?

3-Total number of farms in the country?

4-How many cattle in the country?

A

1- 135,000- farmers in country

2-17,000 dairy farms in the country

3- 137,500 farms in the country

4-7.3 million cattle in the country

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15
Q

According to the 2020 census:

1- How many people are in the agricultural labour force?

2- How many organic farms are there in Ireland?

A

1- 278,600 people in agri labour force

2- 1,686 organic farms in Ireland

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16
Q

According to the 2020 census:

1- What % of farm holders in Ireland are male and female?

2- How many farmers are under 35, and 65 and over?

A

1- Male: 121,000 (88%) Female: 16,000 (12%)

2- Age: Under 35: 7,400 (5%), 65 and over:41,200 (30%)

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17
Q

What is happening with the farmer population as time goes on?

A

-Aging farmer population:

-In 2016, 1/4 of farmers in Ireland were 65 years old or older.
-5% of people were aged less than 35 years old.

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18
Q

In 2018, what % of workers in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors were female?

A

16.4%

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19
Q

How many dairy farmers are in organics in Ireland?

A

Less than 100.

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20
Q

1-Where is the highest cow population in Ireland? (3 highest)

2-Where are the lowest cow populations in Ireland? (2 lowest)

3-Why is this the case?

A

1: Cork- 25% : 394,777
Tip- 11.5% : 182,711
Limerick- 8%: 124,411

2- Leitrim- 2,421
Dublin- 2,760

3- There is better land in the south, more sunshine, more time on grass, and more time outside: that’s why there are more dairy farmers in the south.

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21
Q

Where is the location of beef production in Ireland and what %?

A

60% of beef farms are located on the:
-Border
-Midlands
-Western Region of Ireland

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22
Q

1-What is the suckler industry based on ?

2-Farm herd size?

3-Beef herd size?

A

1- Small herd size

2- 27.5 hectares farm size beef

3- 18 cows beef herd size

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23
Q

Dairy exports in 2023:
1- How much exported €€€?

2- Increase or decrease?

3- How many exported markets are served?

4- Why has the dairy export markets become more challenging for Irish suppliers?

A

1- 6.3 billion €€€

2- 8% decrease

3- 140 export markets

4- The Chinese market has decreased demand for milk formula , less demand more challenges for Irish suppliers. We need to ensure other markets are open to import Irish products.

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24
Q

1- What is the average family farm income across all systems in 2023, how much of a decrease is this?

2- What was the % difference in the dairy sector from 2022-2023?

3- What is the best opportunity for a good income?

A

1- €19,925 (decrease of 57% in 2022)

2- Dairy income decreased by 69% from 2022-2023

3-Dairy , even if it fluctuates each year.

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25
Agri-Food Strategy: -Food Harvest 2020: What was the government's target to grow food exports by 2020? -What % to increase agricultural output by? -What % to increase milk production by?
- 12 billion €€€ - increase agricultural output by 33% - increase milk production by 50% All in 2020^^^
26
Food Wise 2025: 1- What is the government's target to increase the value of agri-food exports by %, and how much €? 2- increase the value added to the sector by % and €€? 3- increase the value of primary production by % and €€? 4- How many extra jobs will be gained in the agri-food sector by 2025?
1- 85% to 19 billion€ 2- 70% to 13 billion € 3- 65% to 10 billion € 4- 23,000 extra jobs
27
List the 3 Agri-Food strategy projects:
1- Food Harvest 2020 2- Food Wise 2025 3- Food Vision 2030
28
What is the major difference between Food Vision 2030 and the other two projects?
There are no figures in this one; it's a mix of buzz words with no specific target—it has a food systems approach. -There is a focus on Sustainable Food Systems.
29
List the 4 goals for Food Vision 2030:
1- Climate Smart Environmentally Sustainable Agri-Food Sector 2- Viable and Resilient Primary Producers with Enhanced Well-being 3- Food that's safe, nutritious, appealing, trusted and Values at home and abroad 4- Innovative , competitive and resilient agri Food Sector driven by technology and talent.
30
What is the "logo" of the Farm to Fork strategy?
For: Fair, Healthy, and Environmentally Friendly food systems
31
4 main Goals to Farm to Fork Strategy:
1- EU green deal- make EU first climate-neutral continent by 2050 2- Addresses challenges of sustainable food systems + shows the links between healthy people , healthy societies and healthy planet. 3- Reduce dependency on pesticides and antimicrobials. 4- Increase organic farming, improve welfare, and reverse biodiversity loss. (some load of bollox)
32
Agriculture is responsible for what % of GHG emissions in Ireland in 2023?
37.8%
33
1- Did emissions from agriculture increase or decrease in 2023? 2- What is this driven by?
1- Decreased by 4.6% (-1 Mt CO2eq) in 2023 (Positive) 2- Driven by reduced fertilizer and N use and reduced liming.
34
1-In 2022, what % of GHG emissions was Agriculture responsible for? 2-In 2021?
1- 38.4% in 2022 2- 37.5% in 2021
35
1- Are dairy farms increasing or decreasing over the years? 2- How many dairy cows in the country?
1- Increasing, but there hasn't been a rise this year or last year. 2- Dairy Cow numbers of 1.6 million currently
36
Where does agricultural emissions come from ( In dairy cows) 4 ways:
1- Methane gas belched out of cows. 2- Methane and Nitrous oxide gas from slurry 3- Nitrous oxide from urine and N fert. 4- Carbon in soils.
37
Dairy Beef Relationship: 1-What % are calves for farmers bottom line income? 2- What impacts the reputation of dairy systems?
1- 2% of farmers bottom line income. 2- Calves hugely impact the reputation of dairy farms- we need to integrate dairy and beef.
38
1- What sort of labour are agricultural farms heavily reliant on? 2- What expanding sectors need additional labour from outside the EU as we approach full employment? 3- Where is there a shortage of labour? 4- People in the dairy action plan need to attract how many people for future farmers and employees by 2025?
1- Family labour. 2- Horticulture, Dairy and Pigs 3- Across the agri-food sector 4- 6,000 people.
39
On farmer in Ireland what % of workers are: 1- Farm holder 2- Family member of holder 3- Non-Family worker
1- 52% 2- 41% 3- 7%
40
Teagasc National Farm Survey 2023: What % of farms are: 1- Sustainable 2- Vulnerable 3- Viable
1- 30% Sustainable 2- 27% Vulnerable 3- 43% Viable
41
What % of freshwater in the world does Agriculture use?
70% of the freshwater in the world
42
What are the key drivers of change in the world?
By 2050, 70% of people will live in urban areas. Almost 3/4 will be in Asia and Africa.
43
Projected Growth for Global Milk and Meat Production: 1- What % of the world's population lives in countries that are recording strong economic growth per annum 2- The number of middle class in China and India is forecast to increase by how much over the next 20 years? 3- What % increase in income equated to a 5% increase in beef consumption 4- What phase is global supply in?
1- 40% of the world's population living in countries that are recording strong economic growth per annum. 2- Increase by 1.2 billion over the next 20 years. 3- 10% increase 4- Global supply is in tightening phase.
44
Why does Ireland have a Grassland Advantage?
Because of the Gulf stream! It provides frequent rainfall and a milk temperature range. Ireland has EU's longest grass growing season.
45
What is the grassland area % in 1- Ireland 2- EU
1- 80% IRE 2- 40% EU
46
What is the grassland production (t DM/Ha) 1- Ireland 2-Europe
1- 15 IRE 2- 11 EU
47
Grass is how much cheaper than the cost of: 1- Silage? 2- Barley Concentrate?
1- 2 times cheaper than the cost of silage 2- 3 times cheaper than the cost of barley concentrate.
48
What do dairy farms have to meet to become up to Board Bia Grass Fed Standard:
Dairy Products certified by the Board Bia Grass Fed Standard are produced using milk from herds that are 95% grass-fed, spend an average of 140 days a year on pasture, and are SDAS verifies.
49
1- What is a major selling point of Irish Agriculture? 2- What is the reason for this?
1- We have a low carbon footprint per kilo of product. We have one of the lowest carbon footprints in the world. 2- The reason for this is that we grow the feed of our cows on the farm. We also have 0% water stress, which is one of the sustainability metrics that these big companies are using for marketing products
50
What is the average carbon footprints of Irish Dairy Farms?
0.97 kg CO2/ kg of FPCM
51
Irish Dairy Industry 2023: 1- How many million Dairy Cows in Ireland? 2- What is the average herd size of dairy cows in Ireland? 3- Average farm size in Ireland - Dairy? 4- How many Dairy farms in Ireland Approx.? 5- On average, how many days are Irish Dairy Farms out on pasture? 6- What % of Dairy Cows Diet is Grass? 7- What is the Carbon Footprint ?
1- 1.646 million dairy cows in Ireland 2- 91 herd size average 3- 55ha average farm size 4- 17,000 dairy farms approx. 5- 240 days/year/grass pasture 6- 95% of diet= grass 7- 0.97kg CO2 per kg FPCM
52
What is the history of Irish Milk Output:
Gradual rise in production up to mid 80’s when milk quotas introduced – relatively stable thereafter Milk quotas introduced by EU to curb rising production. Each farmer got a quota based on previous production
53
Irish Dairy Cow numbers trend:
High rise from 1961- mid 80’s, gradual but consistent fall thereafter Fall since mid 80’s is due to milk quota
54
Teagasc Roadmap 2027: Milk output per cow: CURRENT: 1- Milk delivered (kg/cow) 2- Milk solids (kg fat + protein) 3- SCC ('000 cells/ml)
1- 5,484 2- 417 3- 170
55
Teagasc Roadmap 2027: Milk output per cow: 2027: 1- Milk delivered (kg/cow) 2- Milk solids (kg fat + protein) 3- SCC ('000 cells/ml)
1- 5,750 2- 465 3- 150
56
Teagasc Roadmap 2027: Milk output per cow: Current Research Performance : 1- Milk delivered (kg/cow) 2- Milk solids (kg fat + protein) 3- SCC ('000 cells/ml)
1- 5,800 2- 480 3- <150
57
1- When were quotas introduced? 2- When they were introduced, what happened (3) 3- When were quotas abolished? 4- When they were abolished, what happened? (3)
1- Quota introduced in 1984 2- Total milk production had to level off -Average yield per cow increased -Number of cows in Ireland had to fall 3- Quota abolished in 2015 4- Total milk production began to increase again -Average yield per cow levelled off -Numbers of cows in Ireland has increased (400-450,000)
58
Comparison of Milk Yields in Ireland vs. Other Countries : 1- What is yield directly related to? 2- Is this positive or negative? 3- Where is Ireland placed in the ranks for milk yield?
1- Yield can be related to reliance on forage: the greater the forage in the diet, the lower the yield. 2-Not necessarily a bad thing – grass is cheap and abundant, so it is sensible to build a diet and production system around it. 3- 4th. Rankings: 1st- USA 2nd- Netherlands 3rd- UK 4th- Ireland (less than 6000 kg/cow) 5th- New Zealand
59
CSO report on Milk Production 2022 vs 2023: 1- What is the difference in yield? 2- What is the % change?
1- 2022= 8,542 2023= 8,265 2- 3.2% decrease
60
1- What % decrease was there from 2022 vs 2023 on the average family farm dairy income? 2- What was this driven by?
1- 69% decrease year-on-year 2- A sharp decline in the milk price
61
Evolution of Irish Dairy: 1- When did Ireland join the EEC? 2- When were milk Quotas introduced? 3- When were milk quotas removed? 4- What were the estimated litres produced in 2020 and the % increase in production?
1- 1973 2- 1984 3- 2015 4- Estimate 8.3 billion litres, 50% increase
62
1- In 2022, what was the domestic milk intake estimated at? 2- when you compare this to 2021, what is the increase? *These figures include imports nit only milk produced here*
1- 8,819.7 million litres 2- An increase of 61.3 million litres (0.7%) when compared with 2021
63
*Know these figures* In 2022 : 1- How many litres were consumed as liquid milk? 2- How many tonnes of butter? 3- How many tonnes of skim milk power? 4- How many tonnes of cheese?
1- 502 million litres 2- 268,700 tonnes of butter 3- 173,700 tonnes of skim milk power 4- 287,000 tonnes of cheese
64
Dairy Breeds in Ireland: 1- What was the most popular breed until the 1960s? 2- Following the 1960's, what then became popular? 3- What is the most popular breed from the 1980s until the present? 4- Why is this the most popular breed now? 5- What is a popular crossbreed seen today also?
1- Dairy Shorthorn until 1960's 2- British Friesian 3- Dominated by N American Holstein genetics 4- Driven by the genetic propensity of high milk yield 5- HF x Je
65
Trends in Dairy Insemination on Dairy Cows: Holstein Breed: 1- In 2019 2- In 2020 3- The difference 4- The % change
1- 2019: 480,680 2- 2020: 525,916 3- The difference: 45,236 4- The % change: 9%
66
Trends in Dairy Insemination on Dairy Cows: In TOTAL (all breeds) : 1- In 2019 2- In 2020 3- The difference 4- The % change
1- 2019: 550,010 2- 2020: 590,336 3- The difference: 40,326 4- % change: 7.3%
67
What is the milk pricing system in Ireland?
A + B - C A= fat B= protein C= volume
68
What does the milk payment system reward in Ireland?
-Rewards producers for milk with high solids content, specifically protein and fat. -Volume (water) is valued negatively because it must be transported, handled, and removed in processing.

Dairy Production (4 decks)

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