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Pharmacokinetics > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_______________ is the study of how a drug moves through the body over time. It encompasses absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

A

Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

Importance of Pharmacokinetics

  • Ensures drugs are ________and __________.
  • Helps tailor drug dosing to _____________ patients.
  • Guides drug development and optimization.
A

safe and effective

individual

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3
Q

Key Parameters of Pharmacokinetics

_______________: Amount of drug in the bloodstream.

Time: Duration since drug administration.

AUC (_____________): Total drug exposure over time.

Cmax: Maximum drug concentration.

_______: Time taken for the drug’s concentration to halve (half-life).

A

Concentration

Area Under the Curve

T½

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4
Q

Applications of Pharmacokinetics

Dose _________.

__________ prediction.

Drug-drug interaction assessments.

Personalized medicine strategies

A

optimization

adverse effect

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5
Q

NCA (___________________)

Directly analyzes concentration-time data.

Does not assume a particular model or number of
compartments.

Common parameters: AUC (Area Under Curve), Cmax
(Maximum Concentration), T½ (Half-life).

A

Non-compartmental analysis

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6
Q

______________________
Considers a group or population of individuals.

Determines variability in drug concentration profiles
among the population.

Useful in drug development and approval processes.

A

Population PK

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7
Q

Major Course Objective

To equip you with the tools you need (knowledge of PK!) to determine the proper dose; a dose that will be therapeutic but not toxic in an individual patient possessing a particular set of physiological characteristics

This course has accomplished its purpose only IF:
YOU CAN DO FIVE RIGHTS!

A
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8
Q

The Five Rights

Right Drug

Right Dose

Right Patient

Right Route

Right Time

A
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9
Q

Why Study pharmacokinetics?

How much?

How often?

What factors affect response?

A
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10
Q

What happens between dosing and effect ?

Dynamic relationship between drug, drug product, and the pharmacologic effect

A
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11
Q

Relationship Between Man and Drug

Dosage _________

Exposure to Drug within _____________

Desired and Adverse effects

A

Regimen

Body

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12
Q

What happens between dosing and effect?

Pharmacological effects correlated to the _____________ in plasma

A

drug concentration

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13
Q

What happens between dosing and effect?

Plasma drug concentration: An excellent predictor of _________

A

drug action

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14
Q

_____________________

Fate of the drug in the body, What the body does to the drug?, The science of the kinetics of ADME (drug absorption, distribution, and elimination (i.e., metabolism and excretion)

A

Pharmacokinetics

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15
Q

_________________________
* The actions of the drug in the body
* Mechanisms of drug actions
* What drug does to the body?
* Relationship between the drug concentration at the site of action (receptor) and pharmacologic response

A

Pharmacodynamics (PD)

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16
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics?

The study of the time course of drug absorption and disposition
(distribution and elimination)
* _______________ – rapid and not reversible
* _____________ – rapid and reversible
* Elimination – metabolism and excretion

A

Absorption

Distribution

17
Q

Pharmacokinetic Processes

A(bsorption) D(istribution) M(etabolism) E(xcretion)

Four pharmacokinetic processes

A
18
Q

Clinical PK ?

Application of PK principles to the safe and effective drug therapy; Pharmacotherapy

Primary goal: enhancing ___________-and decreasing toxicity of a patient’s drug therapy
Multidisciplinary approach to individually optimized dosing strategies based on the patient’ s disease state and patient-specific considerations

A

efficacy

19
Q

Why Clinical PK ?

Because all drugs exhibit ____________ effects
* Successful drug therapy achieved by optimally balancing desirable and undesirable effects
* Optimal therapy achieved by:
* Selection of appropriate drug choice
* Accurate disease diagnosis
* Knowledge of clinical state of patient
* Pharmaco-therapeutic management of
disease

A

undesirable

20
Q

Why Clinical PK ?

Key Questions:
How _____? Magnitude of therapeutic and toxic responses are functions of dose
How ________? (Time) Magnitude of effect eventually declines following a single dose
How _________? (Cost) Magnitude of side effects, toxicity and cost depend on duration of therapy

A

much

often

long

21
Q

Practical focus: Relationship of drug concentrations to drug response

Toxic

Potentially Toxic

Therapeutic

Potentially Subtherapeutic

Subtherapeutic

A
22
Q

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

Boundaries between sub-therapeutic, therapeutic and toxic drug concentrations are not absolute
Factors that cause variability in (Cp) and pharmacologic response:

Individual ability to metabolize and eliminate drug (_________), Drug absorption variability, ________ state, ________ states ( extremes of age,obesity), Drug interactions

A

genetics, disease, physiologic

23
Q

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

Clinical PK applied to TDM for very ___________ drugs (those with a narrow therapeutic range)
TDM: the use of plasma drug concentration data to develop ______and ______ drug regimens
IF performed properly, the achievement of therapeutic concentrations of a drug will be more rapidly and safely than with the empiric dose changes
TDM along with the observation of clinical effects: the safest approach to optimal drug therapy
Drugs frequently monitored: aminoglycosides, anticonvulsants, and those used in cancer chemotherapy

A

potent drugs

safe and effective

24
Q

Process of making drug dosing decisions

A diagnosis is made

A drug is selected

Dosage schedule is designed to reach
a target plasma concentration

Drug is administered

Patient assessments are performed

Drug concentrations are determined

A PK model applied and clinical judgment is used

A
25
Q

MTC: Minimum Toxic Concentration

A
26
Q

MEC: Minimum Effective Concentration; barely produce an effect

A
27
Q

________: reflects the minimum concentration of drug needed at the receptor to produce the desired pharmacological effect

A

MEC

28
Q

______: The concentration needed to just barely produce a toxic effect

A

MTC

29
Q

PK is the science of the kinetics of _____, whereas clinical PK considers the applications of PK to ___________

A

ADME

drug therapy

30
Q
  • The quantitative measurement of drug concentrations in the plasma is important to obtain relevant data of systemic _____________
A

drug exposure

31
Q

The plasma drug concentration versus time profile provides:

The basic data from which various PK models can be developed that predict the time course of drug action, or adverse response

Enables the development of individualized therapeutic dosage regimens

A

Pharmacokinetics (11 decks)

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