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Chem 201 (Dr.T) > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

Dr.T 2024-2025 (Wright)

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)

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2
Q

What is a property?

A

Any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from any other type of matter

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3
Q

What are the properties of matter in a solid phase?

A

volume and shape independent of container
rigid and incompressible (if cube pressed it will spread instead of compressing and occupy the same space)
molecules packed closely in definite arrangement

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4
Q

What are the properties of matter in a liquid phase?

A

volume independent of container
no fixed shape
incompressible
fluidity

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5
Q

What are the properties of matter in a gas phase (vapor)?

A

no fixed volume or shape
conforms to shape of the container
compressible
molecules fall apart
move at high speeds and collide
fluidity

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6
Q

How to identify if matter is a mixture or pure substance?

A

it needs constant properties and composition (single kind of matter that cannot be separated by physical means) to be a pure substance. if not it’s a mixture

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7
Q

How to identify if a mixture is heterogeneous or homogeneous?

A

Is it uniform (evenly distributed) throughout in order for it to be homogeneous, otherwise heterogeneous

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8
Q

How to identify if a pure substance is an element or compound?

A

Can it be simplified chemically? (separated by chemical means)

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9
Q

Fill in the blanks: Pure substance have distinct ___ and fixed ___ and cannot ____ and will always ____

A

Pure substance have distinct properties and fixed composition (homogeneous) and cannot be separated by physical means, and will always have a chemical formula

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10
Q

Name the element rules

A

Elements are made up of unique atoms (what makes them unique is the number of protons)
Elements cannot be decomposed into simpler substances
Elements are organized on the periodic table and are usually represented with a symbol

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11
Q

What are symbols in chemistry?

A

One or two letter used to represent an element (first letter must always be capitalized along with the second letter being lowercase)

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12
Q

True or False: all elements basic unit is an atom

A

False - for some elements it’s a molecule

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13
Q

Define Molecule?

A

A combination of two or more atoms held together in specific shapes

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14
Q

What is a diatomic molecule (or element)? Provide examples

A

A diatomic molecule is when a molecule consists of two identical elements, examples are H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2

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15
Q

What are compounds? Give me an example

A

A combination of two or more elements, chemically combined together (subatomic level). An example is water as it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

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16
Q

True or False: Compounds have different properties than their component elements?

A

True

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17
Q

How many atoms are in each of these molecules? Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

A

2, 2, 4, 6

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18
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A combination of two or more pure substances that can be separated by physical means

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19
Q

True or False: Substances doesn’t retain its own identity when separated out of a mixture

A

False

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20
Q

What is a Homogeneous mixture? Give an example

A

A mixture that is evenly distributed everywhere (uniform), an example is salt and water

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21
Q

What is a Heterogeneous mixture? Give an example

A

A mixture that is not evenly distributed everywhere (not uniform), an example is water and vinegar

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22
Q

What is a commonly used mixture separation technique ?

A

Filtration (only works with insoluble solid)

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: each substance has a unique set of ___ and ___ properties

A

physical and chemical

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Properties relate to composition (___) and structure (___)

A

Types of atoms present and arrangement of atoms present

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25
Q

What happens when physical properties are observed and when chemical properties are observed?

A

When chemical properties are observed change into other substances while physical properties do not

26
Q

Examples of physical properties?

A

Color, Odor, Taste, Melting Point, State of Matter, Boiling Point, Density, Viscosity (liquids resistance to flow)

27
Q

Examples of chemical properties?

A

Reactivity, Flammability (ability to burn oxygen), Corrosive (rust), Explosive

28
Q

What is a physical change?

A

Substance changes physical appearance without altering its identity (no new substance is made)

29
Q

What is a chemical change? Provide Examples

A

Substance transforms into a chemically different substance. Examples are Oxidation, Burning, Combustion of gasoline, digestion of food, and Electrolysis

30
Q

Define Oxidation

A

Reaction with oxygen to form oxides, no heat

31
Q

Define Electrolysis

A

Substance is decomposed chemically by-passing electricity

32
Q

Precise Measurements

A

yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner

33
Q

Accurate Measurements

A

yield a result that is very close to the true or accepted value.

34
Q

What is an example of an exact number?

A

Something that is counted or scientific notation

35
Q

What is an example of an inexact number?

A

Something that is measured (since humans can read measurements differently

36
Q

What is the number of significant figures?

A

the number of digits known with certainty plus one uncertain digit

37
Q

What are significant figures?

A

all of the digits in a measurement including the uncertain last digit

38
Q

Which digits value in significant figures?

A
  • Nonzero numbers
  • Zeros between nonzero numbers (imbedded zeros)
  • zeros at the end of the number (trailing zeros) with decimal points are significant if the number contains a decimal point
39
Q

Which digits don’t value in sig figs?

A
  • Zeros at the end of a number without a decimal point are not significant
  • Zeros before the first nonzero digit (leading zero) are not significant
40
Q

Truth or Falsa: The Kelvin temperature scale has a different unit size than Celsius

A

False

41
Q

How to convert from Celsius to kelvin?

A

T(K) = T(C) +273

42
Q

How to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit?

A

T(F) = 1.8 * T(C) + 32

43
Q

How to convert from Kelvin to Celsius?

A

T(C) = T(K) - 273

44
Q

How to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius?

A

T(C) = T(F) / 1.8 - 32

45
Q

How to make a derived unit?

A

multiplication or division of length, area, or volume

46
Q

What is 1ml in centimeter?

A

1 cm ^3 (also known as 1cc = 1 cubic centimeter)

47
Q

What is 1dm^3

A

1 L (liter)

48
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

d = m/v

49
Q

What is a unit for density?

A

g/ml or g/cm^3

50
Q

Mega(M)

A

10^6

51
Q

Kilo(K)

A

10^3

52
Q

Deci(d)

A

10^-1

53
Q

Centi(c)

A

10^-2

54
Q

Micro(μ^b)

A

10^-6

55
Q

Milli(m)

A

10^-3

56
Q

Nano(n)

A

10^-9

57
Q

Pico(p)

A

10^-12

58
Q

True or False: Si unit for mass is gram

A

False - Kilograms

59
Q

Define Mass

A

measure of the amount of material in an object

60
Q

What is the lowest possible temperature in SI unit?

A

0K (-273.15C)

Chem 201 (Dr.T) (2 decks)

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