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Medsci > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

A region of gray matter that forms the outer layer of the cerebrum

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2
Q

What is the cerebrum

A

top area of the brain

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3
Q

How thick is the cerebral cortex

A

2-4mm

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4
Q

What is the arrangement of the cerebral cortex?

A

it contains billions of neurons arranged in layers

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5
Q

What are gyri

A

folds of the cerebral cortex

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6
Q

What are fissures

A

deepest grooves between folds

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7
Q

What are sulci

A

lower grooves between folds

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8
Q

How are the cerebral hemispheres connected

A

by the corpus callosum

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9
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure

A

the most prominent fissure which separates the cerebrum into right and left into cerebral hemispheres

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10
Q

What are the different lobes in the cerebrum

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

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11
Q

how are the frontal and parietal lobes separated

A

by the central sulcus

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12
Q

where is the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex located

A

precental gyrus

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13
Q

where is the primary sensory area of the cerebral cortex located

A

postcentral gyrus

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14
Q

how are the frontal and temporal lobes separated

A

by the lateral sylvian fissure

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15
Q

how are the parietal and occipital lobes separated

A

by the parieto-occipital sulcus

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16
Q

What is the insula

A

a fifth part of the cerebrum that cannot be seen

17
Q

What is before the preoccipital lobe

A

pre-occipital notch

18
Q

What are the areas associated with reading and writing and are they found in the same area?

A

Supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus and they are not because writing is often interpreted differently when read

19
Q

What is the premotor planning cortex?

A

Communicates information to the rest of the brain, coordinates movement and plans it

19
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus/ primary motor cortex?

A

It contains all the large pyramidal/motor neurons whos axons go down the spinal cord. These conduct movement

20
Q

What is the frontal association cortex

A

Intelligence, personality, mood, behaviour, cognitive function

21
Q

What is the primary auditory cortex and where is it found

A

It is found in the temporal lobe within the lateral sylvian fissure, it is involved in receiving sound and organising them into tones

22
Q

What is Wernickes area

A

It interprets tones for understanding and is often referred to as the secondary cortical area

23
Q

What is the temporal association area

A

Rest of the temporal lobe involved in memory, mood, aggression and intelligence

24
Q

What is the features and functions of the postcentral gyrus/primary sensory cortex

A

it receives sensory information and is made of granule cells

25
Q

What is the parietal association cortex

A

Spatial skills, 3D recognition (shapes, faces, concepts, abstract perception)

26
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex and what does it do

A

It is located at the occipital pole and is involved in receiving visual information from eyes

27
Q

Where is the secondary visual cortex and what does it do

A

It interprets the visual information received from the primary cortex and is located in the lower occipital lobe

28
Q

What is the purpose of brocas area

A

plans speech

29
Q

how is brocas area and wernicks area connected

A

via the arcuate fasciculus

30
Q

What type of aphasia is associated with deformities in brocas area and what are the symptoms

A

Non fluent/motor aphasia, people would find it difficult to say the right words

31
Q

What type of aphasia is associated with deformities in Wernickes area and what are the symptoms

A

Fluent/sensory aphasia, someone can speak well but doesn’t make sense

32
Q

What is connectional aphasia?

A

When there is deformities in the arcuate fasciculus, characterised by a poor ability to repeat sentences

33
Q

what are the three sections of the brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

34
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus

A

an arch-shaped convolution situated just above the corpus callosum, it is involved in processing emotions and behaviour regulation

35
Q

what is the central part of the brain filled with

A

ventricles, so it’s fluid filled

36
Q

What does the hindbrain consist of

A

pons and medulla

37
Q

What is the non dominant hemisphere associated with

A

non verbal language, emotional expression, spatial skills, conceptual understanding, artistic/musical skills

38
Q

what are the effects of injury on the non dominant hemisphere associated with

A

loss of non verbal language, speech will lack emotion, spatial disorientation, inability to recognise familiar language, loss of musical appreciation

Medsci (5 decks)

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