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Medsci > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the structure that forms the physical separation between the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

State the location and function of mesentery tissue.

A

Mesentery tissue surrounds the intestine and holds the coils in place. It is also very vascular, containing blood vessels and nerves. It is a double layer of peritoneum

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3
Q

What is a body cavity?

A

a fluid-filled space inside the body that holds and protects internal organs

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4
Q

Where is the thoracic cavity found and what organs does it contain

A

Beneath the rib cage and above the diaphragm. Contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, thymus, trachea

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5
Q

Where is the abdominal cavity found and what organs does it contain

A

Within the abdomen, the space between the abdominal wall and the spine. Contains the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bladder.

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6
Q

Describe the location and properties of serous membranes

A

Serous membranes have two layers: parietal and visceral. Parietal lines the walls of body cavities and visceral lines organs, the space between them is a cavity.
They are found in the thoracic and abdominal cavities surrounding the heart, lungs and abdominal organs

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7
Q

Identify organs which are not part of the digestive system

A

Spleen, lungs, heart, thymus, thyroid, kidneys, adrenal glands, urinary bladder, male and female reproductive organs.

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8
Q

Identify the gland that produces both digestive enzymes and hormones

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

Name the largest gland in the body

A

Liver

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10
Q

Name the structure(s) found in humans but not in the rat

A
  • Vermiform appendix
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Bulbous uterus
  • Gallbladder
  • Canine teeth
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11
Q

Name the two organs (in the rat) that secrete their products directly into the duodenum via a common duct

A

Pancreas and Liver

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12
Q

Name the site of bile production in the rat

A

Liver

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13
Q

Describe the key difference(s) between human and rat female reproductive organs

A

Y shaped in rats with capacity for 12 offspring.
Bulbous shape in humans with generally one offspring per birth.

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14
Q

Describe the functions of the various regions of the stomach

A
  • Transparent region - food storage - greater curvature
  • Pyloric region - opaque - glandular for digestion
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15
Q

State where dehydration of digestive contents and reabsorption of water mainly occurs

A

Colon

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16
Q

List the regions of the small intestine in order from the stomach to the caecum

A

stomach -> duodenum -> jejunum -> ileum -> caecum

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17
Q

Describe the path of nutrient-laden (rich) blood leaving the small intestine

A

hepatic portal vein carries nutrient rich blood to the liver

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18
Q

Describe how the flow of chyme is controlled

A

Via the pyloric sphincter which controls the flow of stomach contents

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19
Q

What parts of the GI tract are under voluntary control

A

Outer part of the anal sphincter and mouth

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20
Q

Describe the location and function of the epiglottis

A

Epiglottis is a triangular flap over the trachea that prevents food entering trachea during swallowing (therefore, open during breathing and closed during swallowing). It blocks the glottis; entrance to the trachea

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21
Q

What are the three tubular portions of the gut

A

oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine

22
Q

What are the two sacs in the gut

A

stomach and caecum

23
Q

Which two large glands does secretion occur that is not part of the gut

A

liver and pancreas

24
Q

which side does the stomach lie in humans

A

left side

25
Q

does the oesophagus lie dorsal or ventral to the trachea

A

dorsal

26
Q

what is the purpose of the pancreas

A

it secretes enzymes (lipase, amylase and protease) into the duodenum and secretes hormones into the bloodstream

26
Q

which curvature does the oesophagus enter the stomach on

A

the lesser curvature

27
Q

What is the position of the pancreas relative to the stomach and duodenum?

A

it sits close to the greater curvature of the stomach and the pancreatic duct extends from the medial end of the gland towards the duodenum

28
Q

What is the pancreas like in rats

A

more diffuse, lots of small pink lobules suspended by mesentery

29
Q

What is the function of the liver

A

It produces bile and functions as both a exocrine and endocrine gland

30
Q

Where and how is bile discharged

A

bile in the gallbladder travels down the cystic duct, joins into the bile duct and discharges into the duodenum

31
Q

How does bile discharge work in rats

A

the pancreatic ducts join the hepatic duct to discharge into the duodenum

32
Q

How many lobes does the liver have

A

Four

33
Q

What is the order of the GI tract

A

Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon (in humans), Rectum, Anus

34
Q

Describe the cranial cavity

A

The cranial bones form a hollow space of the head called the cranial cavity, which contains the brain.

35
Q

Describe the spinal cavity

A

The bones of the vertebral column (backbone) form the vertebral (spinal)
canal which contains the spinal cord.

36
Q

Describe the similarities and connections between the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

A

The cranial cavity and vertebral canal are continuous with one another. Three layers of protective tissue, the meninges, and a shock-absorbing fluid surround the brain and spinal cord.

37
Q

Describe the thoracic cavity

A

The thoracic cavity is formed by the ribs, the muscles of the chest, the sternum (breastbone), and the thoracic portion of the vertebral column. Within the thoracic cavity are the pericardial cavity and pleural cavities. The central part of the thoracic cavity is an anatomical region called the mediastinum.

38
Q

Which organs are retroperitoneal

A

The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of the small intestine, ascending and de- scending colons of the large intestine, and portions of the abdom- inal aorta and inferior vena cava

39
Q

What organs are in the abdominal cavity

A

the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

40
Q

What organs are in the pelvic cavity

A

the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and inter- nal organs of the reproductive system

41
Q

what are arteries from the two branches of the dorsal aorta carrying blood towards the small intestines

A

coeliac a. and superior mesentric a.

42
Q

What are the veins draining deoxygenated, nutrient laden blood away from the wall?

A

Tributaries of the hepatic portal vein which leads to the liver

43
Q

how does the liver receive venous blood

A

from the gut wall via the hepatic portal vein

44
Q

how does the liver receive oxygenated blood

A

from the aorta via the hepatic artery (branch of the coeliac artery)

45
Q

Where does the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter access the kidney?

A

At the depression (hilus) on the medial surface

46
Q

What is the function of the adrenal glands and where can they be found

A

They can be found embedded in the fat near the anterior pole of both kidneys. The outer crust secretes several steroid hormones and the inner core (medulla) secretes adrenalin

47
Q

How is the ovary connected to the uterine horn?

A

Via the oviduct

48
Q

Describe the ridges on the hard palate

A

transverse

49
Q

How many molar teeth form a grinding battery

A

3

50
Q

What is the glottis

A

The opening to the trachea

Medsci (5 decks)

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