Lecture 1

Question 1

Plato

Answer 1

He claimed that truth has two properties:
1. it must be true in all times and places
2. it must be rationally justifiable
- to find truth is through logical reasoning - rationalism
- knowledge comes from one’s immortal soul - nativism
- he distinguished between body and soul - dualist

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

• he relied on information through observation - empiricism
• not a dualist

Question 3

Rene Descartes

Answer 3

• dualist
• he saw the body as a machine which can be studied
• mind and body can influence each other
• some ideas are innate
• perception action coupling and reflex

Question 4

Franz Gall

Answer 4

• he thought that the mind and personality depends on the brain
• phrenology - the shape of a person’s skull reveals mental faculties and personality traits

Question 5

Pierre Broca

Answer 5

• localisation of function
• found Broca’s area - speech production area

Question 6

Carl Wernike

Answer 6

• localisation of function
• wernike’s area

Question 7

Phineas Gage

Answer 7

• a rod entered his cheek and came out above his right temple, he survived, however, his personality has changed significantly

Question 8

Charles Darwin

Answer 8

• law of natural selection, theory of evolution
• inspired the functionalists

Question 9

Herman von Helmholtz

Answer 9

• ophthalmology
• theory of colour vision, the retina consists of three different types of light receptors - red, green, blue
• theories on human vision and audition

Question 10

Franciscus Cornelius Donders

Answer 10

• dutch ophthalmologist
• reaction time measurements
  mental chronometry
• donder’s method of subtraction

Question 11

Francis Galton

Answer 11

• first lab for IQ, considered as the father for psychological tests

Question 12

Alfred Binet

Answer 12

• first practical IQ test
• concept of mental age