Lecture 1

Question 1

glutamate –>

Answer 1

PROLINE

proline is from glutamate

Question 2

transamination and if you dephosphorylate 3-phosphoglycerate –> you form ____?

Answer 2

SERINE

Question 3

methionine –>

Answer 3

CYSTEINE

cysteine is from methionine

Question 4

phenylalanine hydroxylase –>

Answer 4

TYROSINE (irreversable)

tyrosine is generated from your phenylalanine

Question 5

Where is hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine found?

Answer 5

Collagen

Question 6

Proteins are degraded by ___.

Answer 6

proteases

Question 7

In the stomach, there are 2 main players that aid in protein digestion. What are these?

Answer 7

Pepsin & HCI

Question 8

Endopeptidase:
Trypsin –>
Chymotrypsin –>
Elastes –>

Answer 8

trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
proelastase

Question 9

Carboxypeptidase A - cleaves ___.
Carboxypeptidase B - cleaves ___.

Answer 9

Aromatic AA at the C terminal end
Basic AA at the C terminal end

Additional info: Aminopeptidase cleaves at N terminal end

Question 10

What are the BCAA?

Answer 10

Valine
Isoleucine
Leucine

Question 11

what body part?
Alanine - _____
Glutamine - ____
Valine - _____

Answer 11

alanine - liver
glutamine - gut & kidney (converted to alanine)
valine - brain

Question 12

Ammonotelic Organisms release as ____

Answer 12

Ammonia

Question 13

Animal example of Ammonotelic Organisms

Answer 13

Fishes (aquatic animals)

Question 14

Uricotelic Organisms release as ___

Answer 14

Uric Acid (like birds)

Question 15

Ureotelic Organisms release as ____

Answer 15

Urea

Question 16

What are the essential things for Transamination?

Answer 16

Amino donor, Amino acceptor, transaminase, co-enzyme (pyridoxal phosphate)

Question 17

Glutamate degraded into ___

Answer 17

a-ketoglutarate

Question 18

Asparaginase –> aspartate –> ____

Answer 18

Oxaloacetate

Question 19

Precursor of the so-called “glutamate family” of AAs

Answer 19

Glutamate

Question 20

a-ketoglutarate can be transformed into ____

Answer 20

Glutamate

Question 21

What is amidation?

Answer 21

Adding nitrogen or NH4

adding amine group

Question 22

When you add another NH4 to glutamate, what will be formed?

Answer 22

Glutamine

Question 23

Precursor for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

Phosphoglycerate

Question 24

AA are absorbed by _____ ?

Answer 24

intestinal epithelial cells

Question 25

What is Dynamic process?

Answer 25

constantly being degraded
and synthesized

Question 26

Carbon skeletons are usually oxidized for ___?

Answer 26

Energy

Question 27

Main nitrogen excretory product

Answer 27

UREA