Lecture 1 Flashcards
glutamate –>
PROLINE
proline is from glutamate
transamination and if you dephosphorylate 3-phosphoglycerate –> you form ____?
SERINE
methionine –>
CYSTEINE
cysteine is from methionine
phenylalanine hydroxylase –>
TYROSINE (irreversable)
tyrosine is generated from your phenylalanine
Where is hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine found?
Collagen
Proteins are degraded by ___.
proteases
In the stomach, there are 2 main players that aid in protein digestion. What are these?
Pepsin & HCI
Endopeptidase:
Trypsin –>
Chymotrypsin –>
Elastes –>
trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
proelastase
Carboxypeptidase A - cleaves ___.
Carboxypeptidase B - cleaves ___.
Aromatic AA at the C terminal end
Basic AA at the C terminal end
Additional info: Aminopeptidase cleaves at N terminal end
What are the BCAA?
Valine
Isoleucine
Leucine
what body part?
Alanine - _____
Glutamine - ____
Valine - _____
alanine - liver
glutamine - gut & kidney (converted to alanine)
valine - brain
Ammonotelic Organisms release as ____
Ammonia
Animal example of Ammonotelic Organisms
Fishes (aquatic animals)
Uricotelic Organisms release as ___
Uric Acid (like birds)
Ureotelic Organisms release as ____
Urea
What are the essential things for Transamination?
Amino donor, Amino acceptor, transaminase, co-enzyme (pyridoxal phosphate)
Glutamate degraded into ___
a-ketoglutarate
Asparaginase –> aspartate –> ____
Oxaloacetate
Precursor of the so-called “glutamate family” of AAs
Glutamate
a-ketoglutarate can be transformed into ____
Glutamate
What is amidation?
Adding nitrogen or NH4
adding amine group
When you add another NH4 to glutamate, what will be formed?
Glutamine
Precursor for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
Phosphoglycerate
AA are absorbed by _____ ?
intestinal epithelial cells
What is Dynamic process?
constantly being degraded
and synthesized
Carbon skeletons are usually oxidized for ___?
Energy
Main nitrogen excretory product
UREA
